|
Name: |
Tamil |
|
SIL classification: |
Dravidian > Southern > Tamil-Kannada > Tamil-Kodagu > Tamil-Malyalam > Tamil |
|
ISO 639-3 code: |
tam |
|
WALS classification: |
Family: Dravidian > Genus: Southern Dravidian |
|
WALS coordinates: |
11° N, 78° 30′ E |
|
Compiler: |
Anju Saxena |
|
Data entry personnel: |
Mohamed Hashim |
| S01.100 | the world | ulakam | -- | The Amazon is the longest river in the world. |
| S01.210 | the land | nilam | 'the hard surface of the earth, when compared to the area covered by sea' | The captain sighted land in the distance. |
| S01.212 | the soil | maṇ | 'the substance that plants naturally grow in' | The soil is pretty good in this area. |
| S01.213 | the dust | tūci | 'dry powder consisting of extremely small bits of matter, found outside or inside buildings' | The house had not been cleaned and there was dust on the furniture. |
| S01.214 | the mud | maṇ | 'wet earth that has become soft and sticky' | His shoes were covered with mud. |
| S01.215 | the sand | maṇal | -- | There is sand on this part of the beach. |
| S01.220 | the mountain or hill | malai | -- | -- |
| S01.222 | the cliff or precipice | ceṅkuttuppāṟai | 'a high rock with a very steep side (often near the sea)' | -- |
| S01.230 | the plain | veṟṟu | 'expanse of level ground, open country' | -- |
| S01.240 | the valley | paḷḷattākku | -- | The valley was surrounded by high mountains. |
| S01.250 | the island | tīvu | -- | Sicily is a Mediterranean island. |
| S01.260 | the mainland | kaṇṭam | 'the main area of land that forms a country, as compared to islands near it' | -- |
| S01.270 | the shore | karai | 'the land along the edge of a large body of water, such as an ocean or a lake' | -- |
| S01.280 | the cave | kukai | -- | The hunter lit a torch and entered the cave. |
| S01.310 | the water | taṇṇīr | 'drinking water' | The inhabitants get their water from the river. |
| S01.320 | the sea | kaṭal | -- | The ship is sailing in the sea. |
| S01.322 | calm | amaitiyāṉa | 'smooth or having only gentle waves' | a calm sea |
| S01.323 | rough(2) | karaṭumūraṭāṉa | 'with large waves' | a rough sea |
| S01.324 | the foam | nurai | -- | Foam formed on the polluted river. |
| S01.329 | the ocean | peruṅkaṭal | 'any of the world's major bodies of salt water'; generally larger than 'sea' | The Pacific Ocean is larger than the Atlantic Ocean. |
| S01.330 | the lake | ēri | -- | This lake's water is safe for drinking. |
| S01.340 | the bay | virikuṭā | 'an area of the sea that curves inwards towards the land' | -- |
| S01.341 | the lagoon | kaṭaṟkaraikkāyal | 'a body of sea water partly or completely separated from the sea by sand, rock etc., generally smaller than a bay' | -- |
| S01.342 | the reef | pavaḷappāṟai | 'a line mass of sharp rocks, often made of coral, near the surface of the sea' | The ship was wrecked on a reef. |
| S01.343 | the cape | tīpakṟpam | 'a large piece of land surrounded on three sides by the sea' | -- |
| S01.350 | the wave | alai | -- | The tallest waves are found in the Pacific Ocean. |
| S01.352 | the tide | alai vaṟṟu | 'the regular rising and lowering of the level of the sea' | -- |
| S01.353 | the low tide | -- | During low tide the rock is exposed. | |
| S01.354 | the high tide | -- | The rock is not visible during high tide. | |
| S01.360 | the river or stream | āṟu | -- | -- |
| S01.362 | the whirlpool | nīrccuḻal | 'a powerful current of water that spins around and can pull things down into it' | -- |
| S01.370 | the spring or well | kiṇaṟu | 'natural (spring) or artificial (well) source of water' | -- |
| S01.380 | the swamp | catuppunilam | -- | Be careful, there are crocodiles in the swamp. |
| S01.390 | the waterfall | nīr vīḻcci | -- | The waterfall runs dry in the summer. |
| S01.410 | the woods or forest | kāṭu | -- | There are many wild animals in the forest. |
| S01.430 | the wood | marakkaṭṭai | 'material that people get from trees' | The table is made of wood. |
| S01.440 | the stone or rock | kal | -- | -- |
| S01.450 | the earthquake | nilanaṭukkam | -- | The house was destroyed by an earthquake. |
| S01.510 | the sky | vāṉam | -- | There were white clouds in the blue sky. |
| S01.520 | the sun | cūriyaṉ | -- | The sun rises in the east. |
| S01.530 | the moon | cantiraṉ | -- | The moon shone brightly in the clear night sky. |
| S01.540 | the star | naṭcattiram | -- | The stars shone brightly in the clear night sky. |
| S01.550 | the lightning | miṉṉal | -- | I was momentarily blinded by the lightening. |
| S01.560 | the thunder | iṭi | -- | The thunder was deafening. |
| S01.570 | the bolt of lightning | 'a flash of lightning and a noise of thunder together, which hits something' | -- | |
| S01.580 | the storm | puyal | -- | It's more than just rain-it's a real storm! |
| S01.590 | the rainbow | vāṉavil | -- | After the storm, a rainbow appeared in the sky. |
| S01.610 | the light | oḷi | -- | The fire gave a bright light. |
| S01.620 | the darkness | iruḷ | -- | After the sunset, darkness quickly fell. |
| S01.630 | the shade or shadow | niḻal | -- | -- |
| S01.640 | the dew | paṉi | -- | The trees were wet from the morning dew. |
| S01.710 | the air | kāṟṟu | -- | The air is cool and fresh here in the mountains. |
| S01.720 | the wind | -- | The wind blew so hard it knocked down the tree. | |
| S01.730 | the cloud | mēkam | -- | There were white clouds in the blue sky. |
| S01.740 | the fog | mūṭupaṉi | -- | The fog is so thick I can't see the road. |
| S01.750 | the rain | maḻai | -- | After the rain, the sun appeared again. |
| S01.760 | the snow | paṉi | -- | Snow fell all night and covered the city. |
| S01.770 | the ice | paṉikkaṭṭi | -- | A layer of ice formed over the lake. |
| S01.780 | the weather | vāṉilai | -- | I hope that tomorrow the weather will be nicer than today. |
| S01.810 | the fire | neruppu | 'a fire lit deliberately for heating or cooking' | The fire is brightly burning in the fireplace. |
| S01.820 | the flame | tīkkoḻuntu | -- | The flames were so high they reached the helicopter. |
| S01.830 | the smoke | pukai | -- | Heavy smoke billowed from the burning house. |
| S01.840 | the ash | cāmpal | -- | He let the cigarette ash fall on the floor. |
| S01.841 | the embers | 'pieces of wood or coal in a fire that are no longer burning but are still red and very hot' | -- | |
| S01.851 | to burn(1) | erittal | 'partially or fully destroy with fire' | She burnt all her ex-boyfriend's old letters. |
| S01.852 | to burn(2) | erikiṟatu | 'be on fire, be consumed by fire' | Our house is burning! Call the fire fighters! |
| S01.860 | to light | tīmūṭṭuvatu | 'make something burn' | She lit a match. |
| S01.861 | to extinguish | aṇaittal | -- | The fire fighters extinguished the fire. |
| S01.870 | the match | tīkkucci | 'a small wooden stick used to light a fire' | -- |
| S01.880 | the firewood | viṟaku | -- | The boys collected firewood and built a bonfire. |
| S01.890 | the charcoal | karittuṇṭu | -- | This fireplace is lit by charcoal, not wood. |
| S02.100 | the person | āḷ | 'human being' | This table can be lifted by one person. |
| S02.210 | the man | maṉitaṉ | (vs. woman) | The man had a long beard. |
| S02.220 | the woman | peṇ | -- | The woman wore a pretty dress. |
| S02.230 | male(1) | āṇ | (of humans, cf. 3.12) | I have ten male and twelve female students. |
| S02.240 | female(1) | peṇ | (of humans, cf. 3.13) | I have ten male and twelve female students. |
| S02.250 | the boy | paiyaṉ | -- | One day this boy will grow to be a man. |
| S02.251 | the young man | iḷaiñaṉ | -- | The young man was not married. |
| S02.260 | the girl | ciṟumi | -- | One day this girl will grow to be a woman. |
| S02.261 | the young woman | mātu | -- | The young woman was not married. |
| S02.270 | the child(1) | ciṟār | 'young human' (not kinship term) (cf. 2.43) | Many children were playing in the water. |
| S02.280 | the baby | kaikkuḻantai | 'very young human that cannot walk yet' | She's still a baby and can only have milk. |
| S02.310 | the husband | kaṇavaṉ | -- | She married her husband last year. |
| S02.320 | the wife | maṉaivi | -- | He married his wife last year. |
| S02.330 | to marry | maṇamuṭittal | -- | She married a man 10 years her junior. |
| S02.340 | the wedding | kalyāṇam | -- | When we were married, a thousand people came to the wedding. |
| S02.341 | the divorce | vivākarattu | -- | After the divorce, he married another woman. |
| S02.350 | the father | appā | -- | My father came home late last night. |
| S02.360 | the mother | tāy | -- | My mother came home late last night. |
| S02.370 | the parents | peṟṟōr | -- | My parents live in the village. |
| S02.380 | the married man | tirumaṇamāṉavar | -- | As a married man he had more privileges. |
| S02.390 | the married woman | cumaṅkali | -- | As a married woman she had more privileges. |
| S02.410 | the son | makaṉ | -- | I have one son and one daughter. |
| S02.420 | the daughter | makaḷ | -- | I have one son and one daughter. |
| S02.430 | the child(2) | kuḻantai | 'immediate descendant, son or daughter' (kinship term) (cf. 2.27) | I have two children, a son and a daughter. |
| S02.440 | the brother | cakōtaraṉ | -- | I have two brothers, one younger and one older than me. |
| S02.444 | the older brother | aṇṇaṉ | -- | My older brother is married, but my younger brother still lives at home. |
| S02.445 | the younger brother | tampi | -- | My older brother is married, but my younger brother still lives at home. |
| S02.450 | the sister | cakōtari | -- | I have two sisters, one younger and one older than me. |
| S02.454 | the older sister | akkāḷ | -- | My older sister is married, but my younger sister still lives at home. |
| S02.455 | the younger sister | taṅkai | -- | My older sister is married, but my younger sister still lives at home. |
| S02.456 | the sibling | -- | I have two siblings, one brother and one sister. | |
| S02.458 | the twins | iraṭṭai | -- | -- |
| S02.460 | the grandfather | tāttā | -- | My grandfather is 80 years old. |
| S02.461 | the old man | mūtiyavar | -- | That old man looks like my grandfather. |
| S02.470 | the grandmother | pāṭṭi | -- | My grandmother is 70 years old. |
| S02.471 | the old woman | kiḻavi | -- | That old woman looks like my grandmother. |
| S02.480 | the grandson | pēraṉ | -- | My grandson is 5 years older than my granddaughter. |
| S02.490 | the granddaughter | pētti | -- | My grandson is 5 years older than my granddaughter. |
| S02.510 | the uncle | māmā | -- | I have two uncles, one on my father's side and one on my mother's side. |
| S02.511 | the mother's brother | -- | -- | |
| S02.512 | the father's brother | -- | -- | |
| S02.520 | the aunt | attai | -- | -- |
| S02.521 | the mother's sister | -- | -- | |
| S02.522 | the father's sister | -- | -- | |
| S02.530 | the nephew | marumakaṉ | 'sibling's son' | -- |
| S02.540 | the niece | marumakaḷ | 'sibling's daughter' | -- |
| S02.550 | the cousin | -- | -- | |
| S02.560 | the ancestors | mūtātaiyar | -- | -- |
| S02.570 | the descendants | -- | -- | |
| S02.610 | the father-in-law (of a man) | māmaṉār | -- | -- |
| S02.611 | the father-in-law (of a woman) | -- | -- | |
| S02.620 | the mother-in-law (of a man) | māmiyār | -- | -- |
| S02.621 | the mother-in-law (of a woman) | -- | -- | |
| S02.630 | the son-in-law (of a man) | marumakaṉ | -- | -- |
| S02.631 | the son-in-law (of a woman) | -- | -- | |
| S02.640 | the daughter-in-law (of a man) | marumakaḷ | -- | -- |
| S02.641 | the daughter-in-law (of a woman) | -- | -- | |
| S02.710 | the stepfather | -- | -- | |
| S02.720 | the stepmother | māṟṟāntāy | -- | -- |
| S02.730 | the stepson | māṟṟurimai makaṉ | -- | -- |
| S02.740 | the stepdaughter | māṟṟurimai makaḷ | -- | -- |
| S02.750 | the orphan | aṉātai | -- | -- |
| S02.760 | the widow | vitavai | -- | -- |
| S02.770 | the widower | taputāraṉ | -- | -- |
| S02.810 | the relatives | uṟaviṉarakaḷ | -- | -- |
| S02.820 | the family | kuṭumpam | 'group of closely related relatives, consisting minimally of parents and children' | -- |
| S02.910 | I | nāṉ | -- | -- |
| S02.920 | you (singular) | nī | -- | -- |
| S02.930 | he/she/it | avar | (third person singular pronoun, regardless of gender/sex) | -- |
| S02.940 | we | nām | -- | -- |
| S02.941 | we (inclusive) | nāṅkaḷ | -- | -- |
| S02.942 | we (exclusive) | avarkaḷ | -- | -- |
| S02.950 | you (plural) | nīṅkaḷ | -- | -- |
| S02.960 | they | avarkaḷ | -- | -- |
| S03.110 | the animal | vilaṅku | 'living creature that can move (including or excluding humans)' | On the small island they found rabbits, foxes, snakes, mice and many other animals. |
| S03.120 | male(2) | āṇ | (of animals) cf. 2.23 | Only male lions have manes. |
| S03.130 | female(2) | peṇ | (of animals) cf. 2.24 | Only female monkeys look after their offspring. |
| S03.150 | the livestock | vaḷarppu pirāṇikaḷ | 'domestic mammals kept for service or for useful products (cows, horses, donkeys, sheep, goats, pigs, reindeer, camels, etc.)' | -- |
| S03.160 | the pasture | pulveḷi | 'land or field that is covered with grass and is used for livestock to feed on' | -- |
| S03.180 | the herdsman | mantaikkuriyavar | 'a man who looks after a herd of animals' | -- |
| S03.190 | the stable or stall | toḻuvam | 'building where domestic animals (any kind, not just horses) are kept' | -- |
| S03.200 | the cattle | kālnaṭai | '(collection of) domestic bovine animals' | -- |
| S03.210 | the bull | kāḷai māṭu | 'male bovine (not castrated)' | -- |
| S03.220 | the ox | erutu | 'a castrated bull, often used for working on farms' | -- |
| S03.230 | the cow | māṭu | 'female bovine' | -- |
| S03.240 | the calf | pacukkaṉṟu | 'young of a cow' | -- |
| S03.250 | the sheep | cemmaṟi āṭu | -- | The farmers raised sheep for wool and milk. |
| S03.260 | the ram | cemmaṟik kaṭā | 'male sheep' | -- |
| S03.280 | the ewe | 'female sheep' | -- | |
| S03.290 | the lamb | cemmaṟiyāṭṭukkuṭṭi | 'young of a sheep' | -- |
| S03.320 | the boar | āṇ paṉṟi | -- | The hunter shot the boar in the forest. |
| S03.340 | the sow | peṇ paṉṟi | 'female pig' | -- |
| S03.350 | the pig | paṉṟi | -- | There are three pigs in the sty. |
| S03.360 | the goat | veḷḷiṭu | '(female or generic) goat' | -- |
| S03.370 | the he-goat | 'male goat' | -- | |
| S03.380 | the kid | āṭṭukkuṭṭi | 'young of a goat' | -- |
| S03.410 | the horse | kutirai | -- | The policeman mounted the horse and rode away. |
| S03.420 | the stallion | āṇ kutirai | 'male horse' | -- |
| S03.440 | the mare | peṇ kutirai | 'female horse' | -- |
| S03.450 | the foal or colt | kutirai kuṭṭi | 'the young of horses' | -- |
| S03.460 | the donkey | kaḻutai | -- | That donkey is almost as large as a horse. |
| S03.470 | the mule | kōvēṟukaḻutai | 'an animal that has a donkey and a horse as parents' | -- |
| S03.500 | the fowl | paṟavai | 'a bird that is kept for its meat and eggs' | -- |
| S03.520 | the cock/rooster | cēval | -- | The farmer owns ten hens but only two roosters. |
| S03.540 | the hen | kōḻi | -- | The farmer owns ten hens but only two roosters. |
| S03.550 | the chicken | kōḻikkaṟi | (Fill in only if there is a general term for 'rooster or hen'.) | -- |
| S03.560 | the goose | peṇ vāttu | 'domesticated goose' | -- |
| S03.570 | the duck | vāttu | 'domesticated duck' | -- |
| S03.580 | the nest | kūṭu | -- | Many birds build nests in trees. |
| S03.581 | the bird | paṟavai | -- | -- |
| S03.582 | the seagull | kaṭalpaṟavai | -- | -- |
| S03.583 | the heron | nārai | -- | -- |
| S03.584 | the eagle | kaḻuku | -- | -- |
| S03.585 | the hawk | paruntu | -- | -- |
| S03.586 | the vulture | rājāḷi | -- | -- |
| S03.591 | the bat | vauvāl | -- | -- |
| S03.592 | the parrot | kiḷi | -- | -- |
| S03.593 | the crow | kākam | -- | -- |
| S03.594 | the dove | puṟā | -- | -- |
| S03.596 | the owl | āntai | -- | -- |
| S03.610 | the dog | nāy | -- | -- |
| S03.614 | the rabbit | mūyal | -- | -- |
| S03.620 | the cat | pūṉai | -- | -- |
| S03.622 | the opossum | -- | -- | |
| S03.630 | the mouse or rat | cuṇṭeli | -- | -- |
| S03.650 | the fish | mīṉ | -- | -- |
| S03.652 | the fin | mīṉ iṟaku | 'one of the thin body parts that a fish uses to swim' | -- |
| S03.653 | the scale | cetiḷ | 'one of the small flat pieces of skin that cover the bodies of fish' | -- |
| S03.654 | the gill | cevuḷ | -- | -- |
| S03.655 | the shell | cippi | -- | -- |
| S03.661 | the shark | cuṟāmīṉ | -- | -- |
| S03.662 | the porpoise or dolphin | -- | -- | |
| S03.663 | the whale | timiṅkilam | -- | -- |
| S03.664 | the stingray | tirukkaimīṉ | -- | -- |
| S03.665 | the freshwater eel | vilāṅkumīṉ | -- | -- |
| S03.710 | the wolf | ōnāy | -- | -- |
| S03.720 | the lion | ciṅkam | -- | -- |
| S03.730 | the bear | karaṭi | -- | -- |
| S03.740 | the fox | nari | -- | -- |
| S03.750 | the deer | māṉ | -- | -- |
| S03.760 | the monkey | kuraṅku | -- | -- |
| S03.770 | the elephant | yāṉai | -- | -- |
| S03.780 | the camel | oṭṭakam | -- | -- |
| S03.810 | the insect | pūcci | -- | -- |
| S03.811 | the head louse | pēṉ | -- | -- |
| S03.812 | the nit | 'an egg of a louse that is sometimes found in people's hair' | -- | |
| S03.813 | the flea | uṇṇi | -- | -- |
| S03.814 | the centipede | nūṟṟukkāli | -- | -- |
| S03.815 | the scorpion | tēḷ | -- | -- |
| S03.816 | the cockroach | karappāṉ pūcci | -- | -- |
| S03.817 | the ant | eṟumpu | -- | -- |
| S03.818 | the spider | cilanti | -- | -- |
| S03.819 | the spider web | oṟṟaṭai | -- | -- |
| S03.820 | the bee | tēṉī | -- | -- |
| S03.821 | the beeswax | tēṉmeḻuku | -- | -- |
| S03.822 | the beehive | tēṉkūṭu | -- | -- |
| S03.823 | the wasp | kuḷavi | -- | -- |
| S03.830 | the fly | ī | -- | -- |
| S03.831 | the sandfly or midge or gnat | -- | -- | |
| S03.832 | the mosquito | kocu | -- | -- |
| S03.840 | the worm | puḻu | -- | -- |
| S03.850 | the snake | pāmpu | -- | -- |
| S03.910 | the firefly | miṉmiṉi pūcci | -- | -- |
| S03.920 | the butterfly | vaṇṇattuppūcci | -- | -- |
| S03.930 | the grasshopper | veṭṭukkiḷi | -- | -- |
| S03.940 | the snail | nattai | -- | -- |
| S03.950 | the frog | tavaḷai | -- | -- |
| S03.960 | the lizard | palli | -- | -- |
| S03.970 | the crocodile or alligator | mūtalai | -- | -- |
| S03.980 | the turtle | āmai | -- | -- |
| S04.110 | the body | uṭal | 'the body of a live human' | -- |
| S04.120 | the skin or hide | tōl | (skin: of a human; hide: of an animal) | -- |
| S04.130 | the flesh | catai | -- | -- |
| S04.140 | the hair | mayir | 'hair on a person's head' | -- |
| S04.142 | the beard | tāṭi | -- | -- |
| S04.144 | the body hair | -- | -- | |
| S04.145 | the pubic hair | poccu mayir | -- | -- |
| S04.146 | the dandruff | poṭuku | -- | -- |
| S04.150 | the blood | irattam | -- | -- |
| S04.151 | the vein or artery | kurutikkuḻāy | -- | -- |
| S04.160 | the bone | elumpu | -- | -- |
| S04.162 | the rib | vilā elumpu | -- | -- |
| S04.170 | the horn | kompu | (e.g. of a cow) | -- |
| S04.180 | the tail | vāl | -- | -- |
| S04.190 | the back | mūtuku | 'the back of a human body' | -- |
| S04.191 | the spine | mūtukelumpu | -- | -- |
| S04.200 | the head | talai | -- | -- |
| S04.201 | the temples | 'the two fairly flat areas on each side of people's forehead', or more generally 'the two sides of people's head' | -- | |
| S04.202 | the skull | maṇṭai ōṭu | -- | -- |
| S04.203 | the brain | mūḷai | -- | -- |
| S04.204 | the face | mūkam | -- | -- |
| S04.205 | the forehead | neṟṟi | -- | -- |
| S04.207 | the jaw | tāṭai | 'the lower part of people's face that moves when they eat' | The boxer punched his opponent on the jaw. |
| S04.208 | the cheek | kaṉṉam | -- | -- |
| S04.209 | the chin | mōvāy | -- | -- |
| S04.210 | the eye | kaṇ | -- | -- |
| S04.212 | the eyebrow | kaṇpuruvam | -- | -- |
| S04.213 | the eyelid | kaṇimaikaḷ | -- | -- |
| S04.214 | the eyelash | imaimayir | -- | -- |
| S04.215 | to blink | kaṇ cimiṭṭal | 'to shut and open one's eyes quickly' | I blinked as I came out into the sunlight. |
| S04.220 | the ear | kātu | -- | -- |
| S04.221 | the earlobe | veḷik kātu | -- | -- |
| S04.222 | the earwax | kātukkurumpi | -- | -- |
| S04.230 | the nose | mūkku | -- | -- |
| S04.231 | the nostril | mūkkut tuvāram | -- | -- |
| S04.232 | the nasal mucus | mūkkucaḷi | -- | -- |
| S04.240 | the mouth | vāy | -- | -- |
| S04.241 | the beak | alaku | -- | -- |
| S04.250 | the lip | utaṭu | -- | -- |
| S04.260 | the tongue | nākku | -- | -- |
| S04.270 | the tooth | pal | -- | -- |
| S04.271 | the gums | palniṟkum tacai | -- | -- |
| S04.272 | the molar tooth | kaṭaivāyp pal | -- | -- |
| S04.280 | the neck | kaḻuttu | -- | -- |
| S04.281 | the nape of the neck | piṭari | -- | -- |
| S04.290 | the throat | toṇṭai | -- | -- |
| S04.300 | the shoulder | tōḷ | -- | -- |
| S04.301 | the shoulderblade | tōḷpaṭṭai | -- | -- |
| S04.302 | the collarbone | -- | -- | |
| S04.310 | the arm | mēṟkai | -- | -- |
| S04.312 | the armpit | akkuḷ | -- | -- |
| S04.320 | the elbow | mūḻaṅkai | -- | -- |
| S04.321 | the wrist | maṇikkaṭṭu | -- | -- |
| S04.330 | the hand | kai | -- | -- |
| S04.331 | the palm of the hand | uḷḷaṅkai | -- | -- |
| S04.340 | the finger | viral | -- | -- |
| S04.342 | the thumb | kaṭṭaiviral | -- | -- |
| S04.344 | the fingernail | viral nakam | -- | -- |
| S04.345 | the claw | kūrnakam | 'the sharp curved nail on the toe of an animal or bird' | The cat dug his claws into my leg. |
| S04.350 | the leg | kāl | -- | -- |
| S04.351 | the thigh | toṭai | 'the top part of the leg, between the knee and the hip' | -- |
| S04.352 | the calf of the leg | keṇṭaikkāl | -- | -- |
| S04.360 | the knee | mūḻaṅkāl | -- | -- |
| S04.370 | the foot | pātam | -- | -- |
| S04.371 | the ankle | kaṇukkāl | -- | -- |
| S04.372 | the heel | kutikāl | -- | -- |
| S04.374 | the footprint | kālaṭit taṭam | -- | -- |
| S04.380 | the toe | kālviral | -- | -- |
| S04.392 | the wing | iṟakkai | -- | -- |
| S04.393 | the feather | iṟaku | -- | -- |
| S04.400 | the chest | mārpu | -- | -- |
| S04.410 | the breast | mārpakam | 'the breast of a woman' | -- |
| S04.412 | the nipple or teat | mūlaikkāmpu | -- | -- |
| S04.420 | the udder | maṭi | 'the part of a cow/female goat/... that hangs down between its back legs and that produces milk' | -- |
| S04.430 | the navel | toppuḷ | -- | -- |
| S04.440 | the heart | itayam | -- | -- |
| S04.441 | the lung | nuraiyīral | -- | -- |
| S04.450 | the liver | kallīral | -- | -- |
| S04.451 | the kidney | ciṟunīrakam | -- | -- |
| S04.452 | the spleen | maṇṇīral | -- | -- |
| S04.460 | the stomach | vayiṟu | (internal organ, not 'belly') | Her stomach could not digest the tough meat. |
| S04.461 | the intestines or guts | kuṭal | -- | -- |
| S04.462 | the waist | iṭuppu | -- | -- |
| S04.463 | the hip | iṭai | -- | -- |
| S04.464 | the buttocks | cūttāmpaṭṭai | 'the fleshy part of one's body that people sit on' | -- |
| S04.470 | the womb | karuppai | -- | -- |
| S04.490 | the testicles | virai | -- | -- |
| S04.492 | the penis | āṇ kuṟi | -- | -- |
| S04.510 | to breathe | mūccuviṭutal | -- | -- |
| S04.520 | to yawn | koṭṭāviyiṭutal | -- | -- |
| S04.521 | to hiccough | vikkutal | -- | -- |
| S04.530 | to cough | irumuvatu | -- | -- |
| S04.540 | to sneeze | tummutal | -- | -- |
| S04.550 | to perspire | meyppittukkāṭṭutal | -- | -- |
| S04.560 | to spit | tupputal | -- | -- |
| S04.570 | to vomit | vāntiyēṭuttal | -- | -- |
| S04.580 | to bite | kaṭittal | -- | -- |
| S04.590 | to lick | nakkutal | -- | -- |
| S04.591 | to dribble | oḻukutal | 'to let saliva flow out of one's mouth onto one's chin' | Watch out, the baby is dribbling on your shirt! |
| S04.610 | to sleep | tūṅkutal | -- | -- |
| S04.612 | to snore | kuṟaṭṭaiyiṭutal | -- | -- |
| S04.620 | to dream | kaṉavu kaṇutal | -- | -- |
| S04.630 | to wake up | kaṇviḻittal | (intransitive) | I wake up at seven every morning. |
| S04.640 | to fart | kucuviṭutal | -- | -- |
| S04.650 | to piss | ciṟunīrkaḻittal | -- | -- |
| S04.660 | to shit | malamkaḻittal | -- | -- |
| S04.670 | to have sex | uṭaluṟavukoḷḷutal | -- | -- |
| S04.680 | to shiver | naṭuṅkutal | -- | -- |
| S04.690 | to bathe | kuḷittal | (intransitive) | She likes to bathe before going to bed. |
| S04.710 | to beget | īṉṟeṭuttal | 'become the father of' | -- |
| S04.720 | to be born | -- | -- | |
| S04.730 | pregnant | karpam | -- | -- |
| S04.732 | to conceive | karuvuṟutal | -- | She conceived her first child while still in England. |
| S04.740 | to be alive | uyirōṭirutal | -- | I thought he was dead, but he's still alive. |
| S04.750 | to die | cāvutal | -- | -- |
| S04.751 | to drown | mūḻkutal | -- | The dog fell into the river and drowned. |
| S04.760 | to kill | kollutal | -- | -- |
| S04.770 | the corpse | piṇam | 'body of a dead human' | -- |
| S04.780 | to bury | putaittal | 'bury a dead person' | -- |
| S04.790 | the grave | iṭukāṭu | -- | -- |
| S04.810 | strong | palamāṉa | -- | She's a strong woman and can lift 50 kilos. |
| S04.820 | weak | palakīṉamāṉa | -- | He's so weak that he cannot even lift 5 kilos. |
| S04.830 | healthy | ārōkkiyamāṉa | -- | -- |
| S04.840 | sick/ill | nōyvāyppaṭutal | -- | -- |
| S04.841 | the fever | kāyccal | -- | -- |
| S04.842 | the goitre/goiter | 'a disease of the thyroid gland that makes one's neck very swollen' | -- | |
| S04.843 | the cold | caḷi | 'the common cold' | He caught a cold after swimming in the lake at night. |
| S04.850 | the wound or sore | kāyam | -- | -- |
| S04.852 | the bruise | cirāyvu | -- | -- |
| S04.853 | the swelling | vīkkam | -- | -- |
| S04.854 | the itch | arippu | -- | The itch was caused by an insect bite. |
| S04.855 | the blister | koppuḷam | -- | -- |
| S04.856 | the boil | kaṭṭi | 'a painful infected swelling under someone's skin' | The boy's body is covered in boils. |
| S04.857 | the pus | cīḻ | -- | -- |
| S04.858 | the scar | vaṭu | -- | -- |
| S04.860 | to cure | kuṇamākku | -- | The treatment cured the patient's illness. |
| S04.870 | the physician | maruttuvar | -- | -- |
| S04.880 | the medicine | maruntu | 'drug, medication' | -- |
| S04.890 | the poison | viṣam | -- | -- |
| S04.910 | tired | kaḷaippu | -- | -- |
| S04.912 | to rest | ōyveṭuttal | -- | -- |
| S04.920 | lazy | cōmpēṟi | -- | -- |
| S04.930 | bald | vaḻukkai | -- | -- |
| S04.940 | lame | noṇṭi | -- | -- |
| S04.950 | deaf | ceviṭu | -- | -- |
| S04.960 | mute | ūmai | -- | -- |
| S04.970 | blind | kuruṭar | -- | -- |
| S04.980 | drunk | kuṭimayakkattiluḷḷa | 'intoxicated' | They became drunk after drinking too much beer. |
| S04.990 | naked | nirvāṇamāṉa | -- | The child does not like to wear clothes, and goes around naked. |
| S05.110 | to eat | cāppiṭutal | (transitive) | The child has eaten the fruit. |
| S05.120 | the food | uṇavu | -- | -- |
| S05.121 | cooked | camaitta | (contrasting with 'raw') | Cooked bananas taste even better than raw bananas. |
| S05.122 | raw | paccaiyāṉa | -- | Cooked bananas taste even better than raw bananas. |
| S05.123 | ripe | paḻutta | -- | Unripe bananas have a green colour, whereas ripe bananas are yellow. |
| S05.124 | unripe | paḻukkāta | -- | Unripe bananas have a green colour, whereas ripe bananas are yellow. |
| S05.125 | rotten | aḻukiya | (about fruit) | a rotten apple or mango |
| S05.130 | to drink | parukutal | -- | drink water |
| S05.140 | to be hungry | pacittiruttal | -- | -- |
| S05.141 | the famine | pañcam | -- | -- |
| S05.150 | to be thirsty | tākam | -- | -- |
| S05.160 | to suck | uṟiñcuvatu | (transitive) | The baby is sucking milk. |
| S05.180 | to chew | mellulutal | -- | This meat is so tough I can hardly chew it! |
| S05.181 | to swallow | viḻuṅkutal | -- | You need to chew this meat well before you can swallow it. |
| S05.190 | to choke | mūccaṭaittal | 'prevent from breathing (not necessarily leading to death)' | The smoke was choking the firefighters./The assailant choked his victim. |
| S05.210 | to cook | camaittal | (transitive) | She was cooking a soup for her mother. |
| S05.220 | to boil | kotikkavaittal | (intransitive) | The water is boiling. |
| S05.230 | to roast or fry | porittal | -- | -- |
| S05.240 | to bake | cuṭu | 'in an oven, using dry heat' (transitive) | We are baking some bread. |
| S05.250 | the oven | aṭuppu | -- | -- |
| S05.260 | the pot | pāṉai | 'a container used for cooking which is round, deep, and usually made of metal' | He is cooking soup for the whole family in a big pot. |
| S05.270 | the kettle | keṇṭi | 'a metal container with a lid, a handle, and a spout (= for pouring), used to boil water' | The water is boiling in the kettle. |
| S05.280 | the pan | caṭṭi | 'a round and relatively flat metal container used for cooking, with one long handle' | -- |
| S05.310 | the dish | taṭṭu | 'a relatively flat, round vessel from which food is served on the table' | -- |
| S05.320 | the plate | uṇavuttaṭṭu | 'a flat and usually round vessel that you eat from' | -- |
| S05.330 | the bowl | kiṇṇam | 'a concave container that is open at the top, usually used to hold food' | -- |
| S05.340 | the jug/pitcher | kūcā | 'a container for holding and pouring liquids with a handle and a spout' | -- |
| S05.350 | the cup | kōppai | 'a drinking vessel not made of glass' | -- |
| S05.360 | the saucer | ēntutaṭṭu | 'a small dish for placing a cup' | -- |
| S05.370 | the spoon | karaṇṭi | -- | He ate the soup with a spoon. |
| S05.380 | the knife(1) | katti | 'knife for eating' (as opposed to knife used for preparing food) | -- |
| S05.390 | the fork | mūḷ karaṇṭi | 'tool used for picking up and eating food, with a handle and three or four points' | -- |
| S05.391 | the tongs | iṭukki | 'a tool that consists of two movable bars joined at one end, used to pick up an object' | -- |
| S05.410 | the meal | uṇavu | 'an occasion when one eats food, for example breakfast or lunch' | Dinner is the main meal of the day for most people. |
| S05.420 | the breakfast | kālaiyuṇṭi | 'the meal one has in the morning' | -- |
| S05.430 | the lunch | matiya uṇavu | 'a meal eaten in the middle of the day' | -- |
| S05.440 | the dinner | iravu uṇavu | 'the main meal of the day, eaten in the middle of the day or in the evening' | -- |
| S05.450 | the supper | mālai uṇavu | 'the last meal of the evening' | -- |
| S05.460 | to peel | urittal | 'remove the skin from food or vegetables' | This knife is good for peeling potatoes. |
| S05.470 | to sieve or to strain | callaṭaiyiṭuvatu | 'separate solid things from a liquid by pouring the mixture through a sieve (= a container with very small holes in it)' | She strained the coffee before serving it. |
| S05.480 | to scrape | curaṇṭutal | 'remove something from a surface, using the edge of a knife, stick, etc.' | Scrape the carrots and slice them thinly. |
| S05.490 | to stir or to mix | kalakkutal | -- | -- |
| S05.510 | the bread | roṭṭi | 'a common important food made from flour, water, and yeast' | -- |
| S05.530 | the dough | picainta māvu | 'a mixture of flour and water ready to be baked into bread, pastry etc.' | -- |
| S05.540 | to knead | picaital | 'press a dough many times with one's hands' | Knead the dough for three minutes. |
| S05.550 | the flour | māvu | -- | -- |
| S05.560 | to crush or to grind | aṟaittal | 'press [grain] in order to break it into very small pieces or powder' | -- |
| S05.570 | the mill | ālai | -- | -- |
| S05.580 | the mortar(1) | araivaikkal | 'a hard bowl in which substances are crushed with a pestle' | -- |
| S05.590 | the pestle | ulakkai | 'a short stick with a heavy round end, used for crushing things in a mortar' | -- |
| S05.610 | the meat | iṟaicci | 'the flesh of animals or birds eaten as food' | -- |
| S05.630 | the sausage | mitavatakkal | -- | -- |
| S05.640 | the soup | vaṭicāṟu | -- | Clear chicken soup can relieve the symptoms of the common cold. |
| S05.650 | the vegetables | kāykaṟikaḷ | 'an edible plant grown in gardens that is not sweet' | -- |
| S05.660 | the bean | avarai | -- | -- |
| S05.700 | the potato | uruḷaikkiḻaṅku | -- | -- |
| S05.710 | the fruit | paḻam | generic name for tree fruit covering apples, pears, mangos, oranges, etc. | -- |
| S05.712 | the bunch | kottu | 'a group of flowers/fruit that are held together' | -- |
| S05.750 | the fig | nāval paḻam | -- | -- |
| S05.760 | the grape | tirāṭcai | -- | -- |
| S05.770 | the nut | koṭṭai | -- | -- |
| S05.780 | the olive | caitūṇ | -- | -- |
| S05.790 | the oil | eṇṇey | 'a smooth, thick liquid made from plants or animals, used especially in cooking' | -- |
| S05.791 | the grease or fat | koḻuppu | -- | -- |
| S05.810 | the salt | uppu | -- | -- |
| S05.820 | the pepper | miḷaku | 'black pepper, a table seasoning produced from the berries of the plant Piper nigrum' | -- |
| S05.821 | the chili pepper | cīmai miḷakāy | 'the fruit of the plant Capsicum' | -- |
| S05.840 | the honey | tēṉ | -- | -- |
| S05.850 | the sugar | cakkarai | -- | -- |
| S05.860 | the milk | pāl | -- | -- |
| S05.870 | to milk | kaṟattal | -- | -- |
| S05.880 | the cheese | pālāṭaikkaṭṭi | -- | -- |
| S05.890 | the butter | veṇṇey | -- | -- |
| S05.900 | the drink | pāṉam | 'any kind of beverage' | -- |
| S05.910 | the mead | pulveḷi | -- | -- |
| S05.920 | the wine | tirāṭcai racam | -- | -- |
| S05.930 | the beer | pīr | -- | -- |
| S05.940 | the fermented drink | matupāṉam | -- | -- |
| S05.970 | the egg | muṭṭai | -- | -- |
| S05.971 | the yolk | mañcaḷ karu | 'the yellow part in the centre of an egg' | -- |
| S06.110 | to put on | pōṭutal | (transitive) | The child can already put on his clothes by himself. |
| S06.120 | the clothing or clothes | uṭaikaḷa | -- | -- |
| S06.130 | the tailor | taiyalkārar | -- | -- |
| S06.210 | the cloth | tuṇi | 'woven fabric' | -- |
| S06.220 | the wool | kampaḷam | -- | -- |
| S06.230 | the linen | nārttuṇi | 'fabric woven of flax' | -- |
| S06.240 | the cotton | parutti | -- | -- |
| S06.250 | the silk | paṭṭu | -- | -- |
| S06.270 | the felt | kampaḷi | -- | -- |
| S06.280 | the fur | meṉmayi | -- | -- |
| S06.290 | the leather | vilaṅkut tōl | -- | -- |
| S06.310 | to spin | tiri nūl | 'to draw out and twist fiber into thread' | -- |
| S06.320 | the spindle | nārkkaṟṟai | 'a stick used in spinning fiber into thread' | -- |
| S06.330 | to weave | necavu | -- | The village women weave cloth from cotton thread. |
| S06.340 | the loom | taṟi | -- | -- |
| S06.350 | to sew | tai | -- | -- |
| S06.360 | the needle(1) | ūci | (for sewing) | -- |
| S06.370 | the awl | 'pointed tool for marking or piercing wood or leather' | -- | |
| S06.380 | the thread | nūl | -- | -- |
| S06.390 | to dye | cāyampucutal | -- | The weaver dyed the cloth bright red. |
| S06.410 | the cloak | -- | -- | |
| S06.411 | the poncho | -- | -- | |
| S06.420 | the (woman's) dress | 'garment worn by women over the torso extending to the legs' | -- | |
| S06.430 | the coat | -- | -- | |
| S06.440 | the shirt | caṭṭai | -- | -- |
| S06.450 | the collar | kaḻuttup paṭṭai | -- | -- |
| S06.460 | the skirt | pāvāṭai | -- | -- |
| S06.461 | the grass-skirt | kuṭṭaip pāvāṭai | -- | -- |
| S06.480 | the trousers | nīṭ kāṟcaṭṭai | -- | -- |
| S06.490 | the sock or stocking | kāluṟai | -- | -- |
| S06.510 | the shoe | kālaṇi | -- | -- |
| S06.520 | the boot | jōṭu | -- | -- |
| S06.540 | the shoemaker | -- | -- | |
| S06.550 | the hat or cap | toppi | -- | -- |
| S06.570 | the belt | iṭaivār | -- | -- |
| S06.580 | the glove | kaiyuṟai | -- | -- |
| S06.590 | the veil | mūkkāṭu | -- | During the wedding the bride wore a veil that hid her face. |
| S06.610 | the pocket | caṭṭaippai | (in a garment) | He put the money in his shirt pocket. |
| S06.620 | the button | pottāṉ | -- | -- |
| S06.630 | the pin | kuṇṭūci | -- | The torn shirt was held together by pins. |
| S06.710 | the ornament or adornment | aṇikalaṉ | -- | Her hair was adorned with silver oranments. |
| S06.720 | the jewel | nakai | -- | -- |
| S06.730 | the ring | mōtiram | (for finger) | -- |
| S06.740 | the bracelet | vaḷaiyal | -- | She wore a solid gold bracelet. |
| S06.750 | the necklace | kaḻutmālai | -- | Her necklace was made of pearls and coral. |
| S06.760 | the bead | ciṟumaṇi | -- | -- |
| S06.770 | the earring | tōṭu | -- | The pirate wore one earring. |
| S06.780 | the headband or headdress | -- | -- | |
| S06.790 | the tattoo | paccaikkuṟi | -- | -- |
| S06.810 | the handkerchief or rag | kaikkuṭṭai | -- | -- |
| S06.820 | the towel | tuṇṭu | -- | -- |
| S06.910 | the comb | cīppu | -- | -- |
| S06.920 | the brush | -- | He used the brush to thoroughly brush his hair. | |
| S06.921 | the plait/braid | piṉṉal | 'a length of hair that has been separated into three parts and then woven together' | -- |
| S06.930 | the razor | cavarak katti | -- | While he was shaving the razor cut his face. |
| S06.940 | the ointment | kaḷimpu | -- | -- |
| S06.950 | the soap | cōppu | -- | A bar of soap was placed by the sink. |
| S06.960 | the mirror | cuvarkkaṇṇāṭi | -- | He looked at himself in the mirror that hung on the wall. |
| S07.110 | to live | vāḻutal | 'dwell, reside' | A family of five lives in that large house. |
| S07.120 | the house | vīṭu | -- | -- |
| S07.130 | the hut | kuṭicai | -- | -- |
| S07.131 | the garden-house | tōṭṭa vīṭu | -- | -- |
| S07.140 | the tent | kūṭāram | -- | -- |
| S07.150 | the yard or court | mūṟṟam | 'enclosed area atttached to a house, whether outside or an inner court' | -- |
| S07.160 | the men's house | -- | -- | |
| S07.170 | the cookhouse | camaiyar kūṭam | -- | -- |
| S07.180 | the meeting house | kūṭṭa maṉṟam | -- | -- |
| S07.210 | the room | aṟai | -- | -- |
| S07.220 | the door or gate | katavu | -- | -- |
| S07.221 | the doorpost | = 'jamb, side post of a door' | -- | |
| S07.230 | the lock | pūṭṭu | -- | -- |
| S07.231 | the latch or door-bolt | tāḻppāḷ | -- | -- |
| S07.240 | the key | cāvi | -- | -- |
| S07.250 | the window | ஜṉṉal | -- | -- |
| S07.260 | the floor | tarai | -- | -- |
| S07.270 | the wall | cuvar | -- | The walls of our house are very thick. |
| S07.310 | the fireplace | pukaippōkki | -- | -- |
| S07.320 | the stove | aṭuppu | -- | She put the kettle on the stove and lit the fire. |
| S07.330 | the chimney | pukaipōkki | -- | -- |
| S07.370 | the ladder | ēṇi | -- | -- |
| S07.420 | the bed | kaṭṭil | -- | -- |
| S07.421 | the pillow | talaiyaṉai | -- | -- |
| S07.422 | the blanket | pōrvai | -- | -- |
| S07.430 | the chair | nāṟkāli | -- | -- |
| S07.440 | the table | mēcai | -- | -- |
| S07.450 | the lamp or torch | viḷakku | -- | -- |
| S07.460 | the candle | meḻukuvartti | -- | -- |
| S07.470 | the shelf | alamāri | 'a long flat narrow board fixed onto a wall or in a frame or cupboard, used for putting things on or stroing things on' | Put it back on the top shelf. |
| S07.480 | the trough | toṭṭi | 'a long narrow open container that holds water or food for animals' | -- |
| S07.510 | the roof | māṭi | -- | -- |
| S07.520 | the thatch | kūrai | 'natural roofing material such as straw, reeds, leaves, etc.' | -- |
| S07.530 | the ridgepole | 'the highest horizontal beam in a roof' | -- | |
| S07.540 | the rafter | 'a horizontal beam that supports the roof' | -- | |
| S07.550 | the beam | vaḷai | -- | -- |
| S07.560 | the post or pole | kampam | = 'a strong upright piece of wood, metal etc. that is fixed into the ground, especially to support something' | a fence post |
| S07.570 | the board | palakai | -- | -- |
| S07.580 | the arch | vaḷaivu | -- | -- |
| S07.610 | the mason | mēstiri | -- | -- |
| S07.620 | the brick | ceṅkal | -- | -- |
| S07.630 | the mortar(2) | cuṇṇāmpuk kalavai | 'a mixture of lime, sand and water, used in building for joining bricks or stones together' | -- |
| S07.640 | the adobe | cuṭappaṭāta ceṅkal | 'earth and straw that are made into bricks for building houses' | -- |
| S08.110 | the farmer | uḻavar | -- | The poor farmer did not own the land he cultivated. |
| S08.120 | the field | vayal | (for cultivation) | The field was planted with cabbage. |
| S08.130 | the garden | tōṭṭam | -- | Behind the house was a garden where the family grew vegetables. |
| S08.150 | to cultivate | payircey | -- | There is no more land left to cultivate. |
| S08.160 | the fence | vēli | -- | -- |
| S08.170 | the ditch | cākkaṭai | 'a long narrow hole cut into the ground at the side of a field, road etc., especially for water to flow through' | -- |
| S08.210 | to plough/plow | uḻutal | -- | -- |
| S08.212 | the furrow | uḻavukāl | -- | -- |
| S08.220 | to dig | tōṇṭutal | -- | -- |
| S08.230 | the spade | maṇveṭṭi | 'tool with handle and blade used for digging in the ground' | -- |
| S08.240 | the shovel | kaṭappāṟai | 'tool with handle and scoop for lifting and throwing material such as soil' | -- |
| S08.250 | the hoe | 'tool with handle and blade with two or more prongs used for weeding, raking, etc.' | -- | |
| S08.260 | the fork(2)/pitchfork | kuppai vāri | -- | -- |
| S08.270 | the rake | vaṟaṇṭi | -- | -- |
| S08.310 | to sow | vitaittal | -- | -- |
| S08.311 | the seed | vittu | -- | -- |
| S08.320 | to mow | katir | -- | -- |
| S08.330 | the sickle or scythe | arivāḷ | -- | -- |
| S08.340 | to thresh | katiraṭittal | -- | -- |
| S08.350 | the threshing-floor | katiraṭikkum kaḷam | -- | -- |
| S08.410 | the harvest | aṟuvaṭai | -- | -- |
| S08.420 | the grain | tāṉiyam | (barley, oats, etc.) | -- |
| S08.430 | the wheat | kōtumai | -- | -- |
| S08.440 | the barley | vālkōtumai | -- | -- |
| S08.450 | the rye | kampu | -- | -- |
| S08.460 | the oats | kāṭaikkaṇṇi | -- | -- |
| S08.470 | the maize/corn | makkāccōḷam | -- | The bought corn-on-the-cob from the vendor in the park. |
| S08.470 | the rice | arici | 'cooked rice as a meal' | They ate their rice with the stew. |
| S08.510 | the grass | pul | -- | Green grass was growing in the forest clearing. |
| S08.520 | the hay | vaikkōl | -- | -- |
| S08.530 | the plant | ceṭi | -- | -- |
| S08.531 | to plant | naṭutal | -- | -- |
| S08.540 | the root | vēr | -- | -- |
| S08.550 | the branch | marak kiḷai | -- | -- |
| S08.560 | the leaf | ilai | -- | -- |
| S08.570 | the flower | pū | -- | -- |
| S08.600 | the tree | maram | -- | -- |
| S08.610 | the oak | cintūra maram | -- | -- |
| S08.620 | the beech | puṅkamaram | -- | -- |
| S08.630 | the birch | pūrccamaram | -- | -- |
| S08.640 | the pine | tēvatāru maram | -- | -- |
| S08.650 | the fir | -- | -- | |
| S08.660 | the acorn | -- | -- | |
| S08.670 | the vine | koṭi | -- | -- |
| S08.680 | the tobacco | pukaiyilai | -- | -- |
| S08.690 | to smoke | pukai | 'to smoke a cigarette' | -- |
| S08.691 | the pipe | kuḻāy | (for smoking) | -- |
| S08.720 | the tree stump | -- | -- | |
| S08.730 | the tree trunk | aṭimaram | -- | -- |
| S08.740 | the forked branch | -- | -- | |
| S08.750 | the bark | marappaṭṭai | -- | -- |
| S08.760 | the sap | ceṭippāl | -- | The farmers collected the sap from the maple trees to make syrup. |
| S08.810 | the palm tree | paṉai maram | -- | Dates grow on palm trees. |
| S08.820 | the coconut | tēṅkāy | (fruit, not tree) | The boy picked a green coconut and drank its juice. |
| S08.830 | the citrus fruit | -- | -- | |
| S08.840 | the banana | vāḻai | -- | The monkey peeled the banana and ate it. |
| S08.850 | the banyan | āla maram | -- | -- |
| S08.910 | the sweet potato | carkkarai vaḷḷikkiḻaṅku | -- | -- |
| S08.912 | the yam | cēṉaikkiḻaṅku | -- | -- |
| S08.920 | the cassava/manioc | keppakkiḻaṅku | (the tuber, rather than its plant or products) | The farmer grew cassava/manioc to feed his family. |
| S08.930 | the gourd | curaikkāy | -- | -- |
| S08.931 | the pumpkin or squash | paraṅkikkāy | -- | -- |
| S08.940 | the bamboo | mūṅkil | -- | -- |
| S08.941 | the sugar cane | karumpu | -- | -- |
| S08.960 | the fish poison | (in Amazonia, a kind of root is apparently used as fish poison) | -- | |
| S08.970 | the nettle | valai | -- | -- |
| S08.980 | the mushroom | kāḷāṉ | -- | -- |
| S09.110 | to do | ceytal | (pure action meaning) | A has climbed on a tree. B says to A: What are you doing up there?"" |
| S09.120 | the work | vēlai | -- | I can't go out because I have too much work. |
| S09.140 | to bend | vaḷaittal | -- | I'll bend the branches away so that you can get through. |
| S09.150 | to fold | maṭittal | -- | She folded the piece of paper and put it in the envelope. |
| S09.160 | to tie | kaṭṭutal | -- | He tied his dog to a tree. |
| S09.161 | to untie | aviḻttal | -- | He untied his dog from the tree. |
| S09.180 | the chain | caṅkili | -- | -- |
| S09.190 | the rope | kayiṟu | -- | They tied up the prisoner with rope. |
| S09.192 | the knot | mūṭiccu | -- | Can you help me undo this knot? |
| S09.210 | to strike or hit or beat | aṭittal | -- | -- |
| S09.211 | to pound | 'with fist' | He pounded the door with his fist. | |
| S09.220 | to cut | veṭṭutal | -- | The thieves cut the phone wires and entered the house. |
| S09.221 | to cut down | veṭṭittaḷḷutal | -- | Before building the road, we first have to cut down many trees. |
| S09.222 | to chop | -- | chopping wood for the fire | |
| S09.223 | to stab | kuttutal | -- | Brutus stabbed Caesar to death. |
| S09.230 | the knife(2) | katti | 'knife for preparing food' | To chop the onions I need a knife. |
| S09.240 | the scissors or shears | kattarikkōl | -- | -- |
| S09.250 | the axe/ax | kōṭāri | -- | -- |
| S09.251 | the adze | 'a sharp tool with the blade at a right angle to the handle, used to shape pieces of wood' | -- | |
| S09.260 | to break | uṭaittal | -- | The thieves got into the house by breaking a window. |
| S09.261 | broken | uṭainta | 'out of order, not working' | The radio is broken, it won't turn on. |
| S09.270 | to split | piḷattal | -- | This log is too large, we have to split it into two. |
| S09.280 | to tear | kiḻittal | 'damage [paper/cloth] by pulling it too hard' | She tore a piece of her blouse to use as a bandange. |
| S09.290 | to skin | tōlurittal | 'strip or pull off the skin or hide of' | The cook skinned the chicken before frying it. |
| S09.310 | to rub | urācutal | -- | He rubbed the fragrant leaves between his fingers. |
| S09.320 | to stretch | virittal | 'make [something elastic] bigger or looser by pulling it' | Don't stretch the rubber band too much. |
| S09.330 | to pull | iḻuttal | 'use one's hand to make something move towards one or in the direction that one is moving' | Help me move the piano: you push and I'll pull. |
| S09.340 | to spread out | parapputal | -- | They spread out the mat on the ground and sat on it. |
| S09.341 | to hang up | toṅkaviṭutal | -- | Hang your coat up on the hook. |
| S09.342 | to press | aḻuttutal | 'push something firmly against a surface' | The little boys pressed their noses against the glass. |
| S09.343 | to squeeze | piḻital | 'press something tightly' | She squeezed some oranges and drank the juice. |
| S09.350 | to pour | ūṟṟutal | -- | He poured the wine into the glass. |
| S09.360 | to wash | kaḻuvutal | (transitive) | She washed her son's feet. |
| S09.370 | to sweep | perukkutal | 'clean the dust/dirt from the floor/ground using a broom' | He swept the path in front of the house. |
| S09.380 | the broom | tuṭaippam | 'a large brush with a long handle, used for sweeping floors' | -- |
| S09.422 | the tool | karuvi | 'an artifact (such as a hammer, a saw or a screwdriver) held in one's hand to help one in performing a particular job' | -- |
| S09.430 | the carpenter | taccar | 'someone whose job is making and repairing wooden objects' | -- |
| S09.440 | to build | kaṭṭutal | -- | build a house |
| S09.460 | to bore | tuḷaittal | 'make a deep round hole in a hard surface' | -- |
| S09.461 | to hollow out | kuḻivu | 'make a hole or empty space by removing the inside part of something' | -- |
| S09.480 | the saw | rampam | -- | One needs a saw to cut down a tree. |
| S09.490 | the hammer | cutti | -- | -- |
| S09.500 | the nail | nakam | 'a thin pointed piece of metal which one forces into a piece of wood with a hammer to fasten the wood to something else' | -- |
| S09.560 | the glue | pacai | 'a sticky substance used for joining things together' | -- |
| S09.600 | the blacksmith | kollaṉ | -- | -- |
| S09.610 | to forge | 'make something from a piece of metal by heating the metal and shaping it' | From a piece of scrap iron, the blacksmith forged a sword blade. | |
| S09.620 | the anvil | paṭṭaraikkkal | 'a heavy iron block on which pieces of metal are shaped using a hammer' | -- |
| S09.630 | to cast | vārttal | 'form metal objects by pouring the molten metal into molds' | The goldsmith melted the coins and cast them into a goblet. |
| S09.640 | the gold | taṅkam | -- | The bracelet is made of gold. |
| S09.650 | the silver | veḷḷi | -- | The necklace is made of silver. |
| S09.660 | the copper | cempu | -- | The coin is made of copper. |
| S09.670 | the iron | irumpu | -- | -- |
| S09.680 | the lead | īyam | (a kind of metal) | -- |
| S09.690 | the tin or tinplate | takaram | -- | The cup was made of tin. |
| S09.710 | the potter | kuyavar | -- | The potter made jars. |
| S09.720 | to mould/mold | accu | 'form articles from clay or other plastic material by molding with the hands' | She molded the clay into a dish before firing it. |
| S09.730 | the clay | kaḷimaṇ | -- | -- |
| S09.740 | the glass | kaṇṇāṭi | (the substance, not the drinking vessel) | The window is made of glass. |
| S09.750 | to weave or plait/braid | neytal | 'weave (a basket) or plait/braid (someone's hair)' | -- |
| S09.760 | the basket | kūṭai | -- | She carried the fruit home in a basket. |
| S09.770 | the mat | pāy | 'a small piece of thick rough material which covers part of the floor' | -- |
| S09.771 | the rug | jamūkkāḷam | 'a piece of thick cloth or wool that is smaller than a carpet and is put on the floor as decoration' | -- |
| S09.780 | the netbag | 'bag made of net used in Papua to carry things' | -- | |
| S09.790 | the fan | viciṟi | -- | The lady had a delicate fan made of sandalwood. |
| S09.791 | to fan | ārvalar | -- | People in the audience were fanning themselves with their programmes. |
| S09.810 | to carve | cetukkutal | 'cut shapes out of wood or stone' | Michaelangelo carved this figure from a single block of marble. |
| S09.820 | the sculptor | ciṟpi | -- | Rodin was a French sculptor. |
| S09.830 | the statue | cilai | -- | The sculptor made a statue of a woman. |
| S09.840 | the chisel | uḷi | 'a metal tool with a sharp edge, used to cut wood or stone' | -- |
| S09.880 | the paint | varṇam | 'a liquid that one puts on a surface to make it a particular colour' | -- |
| S09.890 | to paint | cāyampūcutal | 'put paint on a surface' | We need to paint our house. |
| S10.110 | to move | nakarttal | (transitive) | This rock is so heavy that it cannot be moved. |
| S10.120 | to turn | tirupputal | (transitive) | to turn one's head |
| S10.130 | to turn around | tirumputal | (intransitive) | He heard someone call out his name and turned around. |
| S10.140 | to wrap | cuṟṟutal | -- | He wrapped the fish in leaves and steamed it. |
| S10.150 | to roll | curuṭṭutal | (transitive) | He rolled the log down the hill. |
| S10.160 | to drop | pōṭutal | (transitive) | We dropped the stone into the water. |
| S10.170 | to twist | mūṟukkutal | (transitive) | She twisted the wire around the branch. |
| S10.210 | to rise | eḻutal | -- | The sun rises in the east. |
| S10.220 | to raise or lift | uyarttuttal | -- | -- |
| S10.230 | to fall | viḻutal | -- | The ripe coconut fell on the ground. |
| S10.240 | to drip | coṭṭutal | -- | The tap is dripping, shut it tightly! |
| S10.250 | to throw | eṟital | -- | Don't throw stones, it's dangerous! |
| S10.252 | to catch | piṭittal | -- | She caught the ball and passed it to her team mate. |
| S10.260 | to shake | kulukkutal | (transitive) | Shake the bottle before pouring out the sauce. |
| S10.320 | to flow | pāytal | -- | The river flows to the sea. |
| S10.330 | to sink | mūḻkutal | (intransitive) | The coconut fell into the water and sank. |
| S10.340 | to float | mitakkutal | (intransitive) | The raft floated on the river. |
| S10.350 | to swim | nīntutal | -- | He drowned because he could not swim. |
| S10.351 | to dive | mūḻukutal | -- | Diving too deeply is dangerous. |
| S10.352 | to splash | teḷittal | -- | The girl splashed water in the boy's face. |
| S10.360 | to sail | -- | The ship sailed from America to Australia. | |
| S10.370 | to fly | paṟattal | (intransitive) | Look at that bird flying up in the sky! |
| S10.380 | to blow | aṭittal | (intransitive) | The wind is blowing hard. |
| S10.410 | to crawl | tavaḻtal | -- | The baby is still crawling, it can't walk yet. |
| S10.412 | to kneel | maṇṭiyiṭutal | 'to get down on one's knees' | The messenger kneeled before the king. |
| S10.413 | to crouch | kuṉital | 'lower one's body close to the ground by bending one's knees completely' | She crouched under the sink to fix the pipes. |
| S10.420 | to slide or slip | caṟukkutal | (intransitive) | -- |
| S10.430 | to jump | tāvutal | -- | The children were so happy they jumped up and down. |
| S10.431 | to kick | utaittal | -- | He kicked the ball. |
| S10.440 | to dance | naṭaṉamaṭutal | -- | Though the music stopped they kept on dancing. |
| S10.450 | to walk | naṭa | (intransitive) | The children walk to school every day. |
| S10.451 | to limp | noṇṭutal | -- | After his foot injury he limped for months. |
| S10.460 | to run | ōṭutal | (intransitive) | They ran all the way to school. |
| S10.470 | to go | cel | -- | Sometimes I go to school by car, sometimes on foot. |
| S10.471 | to go up | mēlēcellutal | -- | I went up on the roof to get a better view. |
| S10.472 | to climb | ēṟutal | -- | If you want to pick mangos, you must climb the tree. |
| S10.473 | to go down | kīḻēcellutal | -- | Come down from the roof or you'll fall down. |
| S10.474 | to go out | veḷiyēcellutal | -- | Get out of here before you get hurt! |
| S10.480 | to come | vārutal | -- | When I came to school it was still closed. |
| S10.481 | to come back | tirumpivārutal | -- | He left and then came back an hour later. |
| S10.490 | to leave | veḷiyēṟutal | (intransitive) 'depart, go away' | The guest arrived yesterday and left this morning. |
| S10.491 | to disappear | maṟaintuviṭutal | -- | The man disappeared without a trace. |
| S10.510 | to flee | tappiōṭutal | -- | Because of the fire they had to flee their home. |
| S10.520 | to follow | piṉpaṟṟutal | -- | I came here first, my family followed me later. |
| S10.530 | to pursue | tēṭu | -- | The policeman pursued the thief. |
| S10.550 | to arrive | vantaṭaital | -- | The guest arrived yesterday and left this morning. |
| S10.560 | to approach | aṇukutal | -- | As we approached the city we could see the lights in the distance. |
| S10.570 | to enter | nuḻaital | -- | She entered the room and sat down. |
| S10.610 | to carry | eṭuttuccellutal | -- | She carried her baby home. |
| S10.612 | to carry in hand | kaiyil eṭuttucel | -- | She carried a stone in her hand. |
| S10.613 | to carry on shoulder | tōḷil eṭuttucel | -- | He carried the books on his shoulder. |
| S10.614 | to carry on head | talaiyil eṭuttucel | -- | She carried the fruit basket on her head. |
| S10.615 | to carry under the arm | -- | She carried her bag under her arm. | |
| S10.620 | to bring | koṇṭuvārutal | -- | Please bring me the book you are holding. |
| S10.630 | to send | aṉupputal | -- | She sent her parents some money. |
| S10.640 | to lead | vaḻikāṭṭutal | -- | The dog led the hunter to the fox. |
| S10.650 | to drive | ōṭṭutal | (transitive) | He can drive a car, but not a truck. |
| S10.660 | to ride | cavāri | -- | She rides her horse to work every day. |
| S10.670 | to push | taḷḷutal | -- | Don't push me or I'll fall down. |
| S10.710 | the road | cālai | -- | Many cars drove up and down the road. |
| S10.720 | the path | pātai | -- | The path leads from the house to the field. |
| S10.740 | the bridge | pālam | -- | A beautiful bridge stood over the river. |
| S10.750 | the cart or wagon | kaṭṭai vaṇṭi | -- | The cart was pulled by a horse. |
| S10.760 | the wheel | cakkaram | -- | The car has four wheels. |
| S10.770 | the axle | accāṇi | -- | -- |
| S10.780 | the yoke | nukattaṭi | -- | -- |
| S10.810 | the ship | kappal | -- | -- |
| S10.830 | the boat | paṭaku | -- | -- |
| S10.831 | the canoe | ciṟupaṭaku | -- | -- |
| S10.832 | the outrigger | tūmpukaṭṭai | -- | -- |
| S10.840 | the raft | kaṭṭumaram | -- | -- |
| S10.850 | the oar | tuṭuppu | -- | -- |
| S10.851 | the paddle | paṭakuttuṭuppu | -- | -- |
| S10.852 | to row | paṭakaicceluttutal | -- | -- |
| S10.860 | the rudder | cukkāṉ | -- | -- |
| S10.870 | the mast | kappal pāymaram | -- | -- |
| S10.880 | the sail | -- | -- | |
| S10.890 | the anchor | naṅkūram | -- | -- |
| S10.910 | the port | tuṟaimūkam | (= harbour) | -- |
| S10.920 | to land | nilam | -- | -- |
| S11.110 | to have | vaittiru | 'have temporarily (including things that one does not strictly speaking possess)' | The boy has a flower in his hand. |
| S11.120 | to own | contamāṉa | 'possess, have permanently as legal possession' | The woman owns a car. |
| S11.130 | to take | eṭuttal | 'seize a concrete object in the hand and hold it' | I took my bag and walked to the market square. |
| S11.140 | to grasp | paṟṟal | 'take and hold something firmly with one's hands' | Make sure you grasp the rope with both hands. |
| S11.150 | to hold | piṭittiruttal | 'to have something in one's hand or arms' | I held the baby in my arms. |
| S11.160 | to get | peṟṟal | 'come into possession of something' (neutral between 'obtain' and 'receive') | -- |
| S11.170 | to keep | vaittiruttal | 'retain, remain in possession of something' | I like the hat you gave me and I'd like to keep it. |
| S11.180 | the thing | poruḷ | 'concrete object of any kind' | My brother is rich, and many things in his house are never used. |
| S11.210 | to give | koṭuttal | 'physical transfer of an object with one's hands that passes into possession of the recipient' | The girl gave the boy a flower. |
| S11.220 | to give back | tiruppikkoṭuttal | 'give something that was earlier in the recipient's possession' | I lent you my watch, and you haven't given it back yet. |
| S11.240 | to preserve | pātukāttal | 'save something/someone from being harmed or destroyed' | I think these traditional customs should be preserved. / The wreck was preserved by the muddy sea bed. |
| S11.250 | to rescue | mīṭṭal | 'make someone safe from danger or harm' | He saved his friend from drowning. |
| S11.270 | to destroy | aḻittal | 'damage something so badly that it cannot be repaired or so that it no longer exists' | The school was completely destroyed by fire. |
| S11.280 | to injure | kāyappaṭutal | 'to cause bodily harm' | The falling tree injured two loggers. |
| S11.310 | to look for | etirpārttal | -- | I am looking for my purse; I must have lost it on my way. |
| S11.320 | to find | kaṇṭupiṭittal | -- | I had lost my purse but I found it again. |
| S11.330 | to lose | paṟikoṭuttal | -- | I had lost my purse but I found it again. |
| S11.340 | to let go | pōkaviṭutal | 'stop holding something/someone' | She let go of the rope. |
| S11.430 | the money | paṇam | -- | A thousand dollars is a lot of money. |
| S11.440 | the coin | nāṇayam | -- | I don't have any coins left, only paper money. |
| S11.510 | rich | paṇakkārar | -- | The beggar invested his money so well that he became rich. |
| S11.520 | poor | ēḻmaiyāṉa | -- | After he became rich, he donated a lot of money to poor people. |
| S11.530 | the beggar | piccaikkārar | -- | The beggar collected money in a cup. |
| S11.540 | stingy | kañcattaṉam | -- | He is so stingy he doesn't heat his house even in winter. |
| S11.610 | to lend | iravalkoṭuttal | -- | Can you lend me your ladder? |
| S11.620 | to borrow | kaṭaṉvāṅkutal | -- | Can I borrow your ladder? |
| S11.630 | to owe | kaṭamaippaṭṭiru | -- | My brother owes me 100 Euros. |
| S11.640 | the debt | kaṭaṉ | 'sum of money that one owes' | He now had enough money to pay off his father's outstanding debts. |
| S11.650 | to pay | koṭu | -- | I paid 100 Euros for this book. |
| S11.660 | the bill | vilaippaṭṭiyal | 'written list showing how much a customer has to pay' | -- |
| S11.690 | the tax | vari | -- | If you don't pay your taxes, you go to jail. |
| S11.770 | to hire | paṇiyamarttutal | 'employ' | We need to hire/employ more workers if we want to finish the task in time. |
| S11.780 | the wages | kūli | 'the money a worker receives for the work done' | The job's not very exciting, but he earns a good wage. |
| S11.790 | to earn | campātittal | 'receive [money] for regular work' | The job's not very exciting, but he earns a good wage. |
| S11.810 | to buy | vāṅkutal | -- | I bought ten bananas for a dollar. |
| S11.820 | to sell | viṟṟal | -- | He sold his car for five thousand Euros. |
| S11.830 | to trade or barter | vaṇikam | -- | The farmer traded his cow for three goats. |
| S11.840 | the merchant | vaṇikar | 'someone who buys and sells goods in large quantities' | -- |
| S11.850 | the market | cantai | (place) | He is going to the market to buy vegetables. |
| S11.860 | the shop/store | kaṭai | -- | There are no shops in the market, only open stalls. |
| S11.870 | the price | vilai | -- | The price of these bananas is two dollars a bunch. |
| S11.880 | expensive | vilaiyuyarnta | -- | Mangos are more expensive than bananas. |
| S11.890 | cheap | malivāṉa | -- | Bananas are so cheap even poor people can afford them. |
| S11.910 | to share | pakirntukoḷḷutal | 'let someone have part of something that belongs to oneself' | The girl shared the cookies with her brother. |
| S11.920 | to weigh | eṭaipōṭutal | 'have a certain weight' | The bag weighs 10 kilograms. |
| S12.110 | the place | iṭam | -- | This place is too hot, let's look for a cooler place. |
| S12.120 | to put | vaittal | -- | He put the book on the table. |
| S12.130 | to sit | uṭkārutal | -- | Let's sit under the tree. |
| S12.140 | to lie down | paṭuttal | -- | She lay down in her bed but could not fall asleep. |
| S12.150 | to stand | niṟṟal | -- | He got tired of standing and sat down. |
| S12.160 | to remain | taṅkiyiru | -- | I plan to remain here for a week. |
| S12.170 | the remains | eñciyavai | -- | After the earthquake, some people continued to live in the remains of their homes. |
| S12.210 | to gather | cēkarittal | (transitive) | He gathered wild mushrooms for dinner. |
| S12.212 | to pick up | eṭuttal | -- | She picked up the stone and then threw it down again. |
| S12.213 | to pile up | kuvittal | (transitive) | He piled up the mushrooms he had collected. |
| S12.220 | to join | cērttal | (transitive) | He joined the two boards with nails. |
| S12.230 | to separate | pirittal | (transitive) | He separated the two boards by pulling out the nails. |
| S12.232 | to divide | vakuttal | (transitive) | She divided the bananas equally among the children. |
| S12.240 | to open | tiṟanta | (transitive) | He opened the door and went out. |
| S12.250 | to shut | mūṭutal | (transitive) | After coming in, he shut the door. |
| S12.260 | to cover | maṟaittal | -- | He covered the child with a blanket. |
| S12.270 | to hide | oḷittal | 'conceal' (transitive) | Hide your money here, so no one can find it. |
| S12.310 | high | uyaramāṉa | -- | The eagle flew so high it was hardly visible. |
| S12.320 | low | kīḻ | -- | The bat flew so low its wings brushed against the bush. |
| S12.330 | the top | ucci | -- | The top of the tree caught fire. |
| S12.340 | the bottom | aṭippuṟam | -- | The coin was lying on the bottom of the pond. |
| S12.350 | the end(1) | mūṭivu | (spatial) | At the end of the village stood a small house. |
| S12.352 | pointed | kūrmaiyāṉa | -- | He pierced the leather with a pointed knife. |
| S12.353 | the edge | viḷimpu | -- | -- |
| S12.360 | the side | pakkam | -- | There were trees on both sides of the house. |
| S12.370 | the middle | naṭuvil | center | -- |
| S12.410 | right(1) | valatu | -- | on the right side |
| S12.420 | left | iṭatu | -- | on the left side |
| S12.430 | near | arukē | (adverb) | She was standing near enough to hear what they said. |
| S12.440 | far | tolaivu | (adverb) | -- |
| S12.450 | the east | kiḻakku | -- | -- |
| S12.460 | the west | mēṟku | -- | -- |
| S12.470 | the north | vaṭakku | -- | -- |
| S12.480 | the south | teṟku | -- | -- |
| S12.530 | to grow | vaḷar | -- | -- |
| S12.540 | to measure | aḷa | (transitive) | -- |
| S12.541 | the fathom | āḻa aḷavu | 'a unit of length (originally outstretched arms), equal to about 1.8 metres' | -- |
| S12.550 | big | periya | -- | -- |
| S12.560 | small | ciṉṉa | -- | -- |
| S12.570 | long | nīṇṭa | -- | -- |
| S12.580 | tall | uyaramāṉa | -- | -- |
| S12.590 | short | kuṭṭaiyāṉa | -- | -- |
| S12.610 | wide | akalamāṉa | -- | -- |
| S12.620 | narrow | kuṟukiya | -- | -- |
| S12.630 | thick | taṭippāṉa | (in dimension; as opposed to thick in density, e.g. thick soup, hair) | a thick board |
| S12.650 | thin | melliya | (in dimension; as opposed to thin in density, e.g. thin soup, hair) | a thin board |
| S12.670 | deep | āḻam | -- | -- |
| S12.680 | shallow | āḻamaṟṟa | -- | -- |
| S12.710 | flat | camamāṉa | -- | -- |
| S12.730 | straight | nēr | -- | -- |
| S12.740 | crooked | vaḷainta | (opposite of straight) | -- |
| S12.750 | the hook | kokki | -- | -- |
| S12.760 | the corner | mūlai | -- | -- |
| S12.770 | the cross | kuṟukku | -- | -- |
| S12.780 | the square | caturam | -- | -- |
| S12.810 | round | vaṭṭam | -- | -- |
| S12.820 | the circle | vaṭṭāram | -- | -- |
| S12.830 | the ball | pantu | 'sphere' | -- |
| S12.840 | the line | vari | -- | -- |
| S12.850 | the hole | ōṭṭai | -- | -- |
| S12.920 | similar | orēmātiri | -- | -- |
| S12.930 | to change | māṟṟam | -- | The baby changed her life. |
| S13.100 | ten | pattu | -- | ten trees |
| S13.101 | eleven | patiṉoṉṟu | -- | eleven trees |
| S13.102 | twelve | paṉṉiraṇṭu | -- | twelve trees |
| S13.103 | fifteen | patiṉaintu | -- | fifteen trees |
| S13.104 | twenty | irupatu | -- | twenty trees |
| S13.105 | a hundred | nūṟu | -- | a hundred trees |
| S13.106 | a thousand | āyiram | -- | a thousand trees |
| S13.107 | to count | eṇṇu | 'count objects in a set in order to determine the total' | The teacher was counting the children as they got on the bus. |
| S13.140 | all | ellā | 'the complete set of' (applied to a conceptually countable and nonsingular noun) | All the children got on the bus. |
| S13.150 | many | pala | 'a large number of' (applied to a conceptually countable and nonsingular noun) | There are many children on the bus. |
| S13.160 | more | atikam | 'a larger number of' | Today I found more mushrooms than yesterday. |
| S13.170 | few | kuṟainta | 'a small number of' | There are few mushrooms in this forest. |
| S13.180 | enough | pōtumāṉa | -- | Today I found enough mushrooms for our supper. |
| S13.181 | some | koñcam | 'a certain number of' (applied to a conceptually countable and nonsingular noun) | Today we found some mushrooms. |
| S13.190 | the crowd | kūṭṭam | 'a large number of people in one place' | There was a large crowd of people waiting outside the theatre. |
| S13.210 | full | niṟainta | -- | An empty pot is easier to carry than a full pot. |
| S13.220 | empty | kāli | -- | An empty pot is easier to carry than a full pot. |
| S13.230 | the part | pakuti | -- | The front part of the car was badly damaged. |
| S13.240 | the half | pāti | 'either of the two equal parts into which something is divided' | She cut the banana in two halves and gave one half to her husband. |
| S13.330 | only | maṭṭum | -- | Saturn is the only planet with rings. |
| S13.340 | first | mutal | -- | You are the first person I see today. |
| S13.350 | last | kaṭaici | -- | You were last person I saw before going to bed. |
| S13.360 | second | iraṇṭāvatu | -- | You are the second person I see today. |
| S13.370 | the pair | jōṭi | 'two things of the same kind that are used together' | a pair of shoes |
| S13.380 | twice/two times | iru mūṟai | -- | He came over twice today. |
| S13.420 | third | mūṉṟāvatu | -- | You are the third person I see today. |
| S13.440 | three times | mūṉṟu mūṟai | -- | He came over three times today. |
| S14.110 | the time | kālam | -- | Only time can heal her pain. |
| S14.120 | the age | paruvam | 'time of life' | At this age the baby can only drink milk. |
| S14.130 | new | putiya | -- | I bought a new car. |
| S14.140 | young | iḷamaiyāṉa | -- | He is too young to eat solid foods. |
| S14.150 | old | vayatāṉa | -- | She is so old that all her teeth are gone. |
| S14.160 | early | muṉpāka | -- | Come early, otherwise you won't get any cake. |
| S14.170 | late | tāmatam | -- | Don't come late, otherwise you won't get any cake. |
| S14.180 | now | ippōtu | -- | I was sick last week, but I'm fine now. |
| S14.190 | immediately | uṭaṉē | -- | Come here immediately! |
| S14.210 | fast | vēkam | 'quickly' (adverb) | That man runs as fast as a horse. |
| S14.220 | slow | metuvāka | (adverb) | That horse runs as slow as a human. |
| S14.230 | to hurry | avacaram | (intransitive) | Please hurry, or we'll be late. |
| S14.240 | to be late | tāmatamākutal | to tarry | We expected her by 10 o'clock, but she was late. |
| S14.250 | to begin | ārampi | (transitive) | I began the work yesterday. |
| S14.252 | to last | toṭartal | 'take up' | The dry season lasts three months. |
| S14.260 | the end(2) | mūṭivu | (temporal) | At the end of the harvest there is a celebration. |
| S14.270 | to finish | niṟaivēṟṟutal | -- | I began building my house five years ago, but only finished it this year. |
| S14.280 | to cease | niṟuttutal | 'to stop doing something' | The two sides promised to cease all hostile acts against each other. |
| S14.290 | ready | tayār | -- | I'm ready to go, but my husband is still in the shower. |
| S14.310 | always | eppōtum | -- | He always comes late. |
| S14.320 | often | aṭikkaṭi | -- | He often comes late, but today he's on time. |
| S14.330 | sometimes | cila nēraṅkaḷil | -- | Sometimes he comes late, but more often he's on time. |
| S14.331 | soon | cīkkiram | -- | Don't go yet, he'll be here soon. |
| S14.332 | for a long time | veku kālam | -- | He waited for a long time, but she never came. |
| S14.340 | never | orupoḻutum | -- | I never eat pork. |
| S14.350 | again | mīṇṭum | -- | I was there yesterday, but today I'm going again. |
| S14.410 | the day(1) | pakal | (as opposed to 'night') | The days are very hot here, but the nights are cool. |
| S14.420 | the night | iravu | -- | The days very hot here, but the nights are cool. |
| S14.430 | the dawn | viṭiyaṟkālai | -- | The sun comes up at dawn. |
| S14.440 | the morning | kālai | -- | The children go to school in the morning. |
| S14.450 | the midday | naṭuppakal | -- | We prefer having dinner at midday rather than in the evening. |
| S14.451 | the afternoon | matiyam | -- | In the aftertoon I like to take a nap. |
| S14.460 | the evening | mālai | -- | We prefer having dinner at midday rather than in the evening. |
| S14.470 | today | iṉṟu | -- | He's not in today, please call again tomorrow morning. |
| S14.480 | tomorrow | nāḷai | -- | He's not in today, please call again tomorrow morning. |
| S14.481 | the day after tomorrow | nāḷaikku māṟunāḷ | (adverbial use) | She's leaving tomorrow and coming back the day after tomorrow. |
| S14.490 | yesterday | nēṟṟu | -- | She left the day before yesterday and arrived yesterday. |
| S14.491 | the day before yesterday | mūntānāḷ | (adverbial use) | She left the day before yesterday and arrived yesterday. |
| S14.510 | the hour | maṇi | -- | The day here lasts 15 hours in midsummer. |
| S14.530 | the clock | kaṭikāram | -- | That clock on the wall was bought by my grandfather. |
| S14.610 | the week | vāram | -- | I'm planning to stay for a week or two. |
| S14.620 | Sunday | ñāyiṟṟukkiḻamai | -- | On Sunday we go to church. |
| S14.630 | Monday | tiṅkaṭkiḻamai | -- | On Monday we go to work. |
| S14.640 | Tuesday | cevvāykkiḻamai | -- | On Tuesday we're having a party. |
| S14.650 | Wednesday | putaṉkiḻamai | -- | On Wednesday there is a holiday. |
| S14.660 | Thursday | viyāḻakkiḻamai | -- | On Thursday my mother is arriving. |
| S14.670 | Friday | veḷḷikkiḻamai | -- | On Friday we go to the mosque. |
| S14.680 | Saturday | caṉikkiḻamai | -- | On Saturday we go to the synagogue. |
| S14.710 | the month | mātam | -- | There are twelve months in a year. |
| S14.730 | the year | āṇṭu | -- | A year normally lasts 365 days. |
| S14.740 | the winter | kuḷirkālam | -- | The winters are very cold here. |
| S14.750 | the spring(2) | iḷavēṉiṟ | -- | The tree blooms in the spring. |
| S14.760 | the summer | kōṭai kālam | -- | The summers are very hot here. |
| S14.770 | the autumn/fall | ilaiyutirkālam | -- | In the autumn it gets cooler. |
| S14.780 | the season | paruvakālam | -- | There are only two seasons here, the dry season and the wet season. |
| S15.210 | to smell(1) | vācam | '(intransitive) to have a particular smell' | The flower smells pleasant. |
| S15.212 | to sniff | mūkartal | 'to inhale through one's nose in order to smell something' | He opened the milk and sniffed it. |
| S15.220 | to smell(2) | nukartal | '(transitive) to notice a particular smell' | I think I smell gas! |
| S15.250 | fragrant | naṟumaṇam | 'good smelling' | -- |
| S15.260 | stinking | turnāṟṟam | 'bad smelling' | -- |
| S15.310 | to taste | cuvaittal | 'have a particular taste' | This soup tastes very good. |
| S15.350 | sweet | iṉippāṉa | -- | The ripe fruit is sweet. |
| S15.360 | salty | -- | The soup is too salty, add some water. | |
| S15.370 | bitter | kacappu | -- | The medicine is bitter, take it with honey. |
| S15.380 | sour | -- | Sprinkle a little sugar over the strawberries if they are sour. | |
| S15.390 | brackish | upputtaṇṇir | brackish water: 'water that is not pure but is slightly salty' | brackish water |
| S15.410 | to hear | kēḷpatu | -- | I heard the sound of rain splashing on the window. |
| S15.420 | to listen | cevimaṭu | 'pay attention to a sound that one can hear' | Listen to the strange noise in the engine. |
| S15.440 | the sound or noise | cattam | 'something that one can hear' | There were strange sounds coming from the next room. |
| S15.450 | loud | urakka | -- | The music is very loud. |
| S15.460 | quiet | amaiti | 'not making much noise' | We have to be quiet so as not to wake the baby. |
| S15.510 | to see | pārttal | -- | I see a house in the distance. |
| S15.520 | to look | kāṇutal | -- | I'm looking but I can't see the house. |
| S15.550 | to show | kāṇpittal | -- | She showed me her house. |
| S15.560 | to shine | paḷapaḷattal | -- | That lamp is shining in my eyes. |
| S15.570 | bright | veḷiccamāṉa | 'having a lot of light' | I awoke from the bright sunlight. |
| S15.610 | the colour/color | vaṇṇam | -- | My shirt is red, but I'd prefer a different colour. |
| S15.620 | light(2) | veḷiccam | (as opposed to dark) | -- |
| S15.630 | dark | iruḷ | -- | It is dark in the room because the lamp is broken. |
| S15.640 | white | veḷḷai | -- | (snow) |
| S15.650 | black | karuppu | -- | (charcoal) |
| S15.660 | red | civappu | -- | (blood) |
| S15.670 | blue | nīlam | -- | (sky) |
| S15.680 | green | paccai | -- | (leaves) |
| S15.690 | yellow | mañcaḷ | -- | (yolk of chicken egg) |
| S15.710 | to touch | toṭutal | 'put one's hand on something/someone so that one can feel them' | The child wanted to touch everything. |
| S15.712 | to pinch | kiḷḷutal | 'press a part of someone's flesh very tightly between one's finger and thumb (so that it hurts)' | Mum, the boy pinched me! |
| S15.720 | to feel | uṇarutal | 'touch something to get a tactile perception of it' | Feel (the quality of) this cloth! |
| S15.740 | hard | kaṭiṉamāṉa | 'difficult to press down, break or cut' | Diamond is the hardest substance known to man. |
| S15.750 | soft | meṉmaiyāṉa | 'not hard, easy to press/break/cut' | a soft pillow |
| S15.760 | rough(1) | karaṭumūraṭāṉa | 'having an uneven surface' | Her hands were rough from hard work. |
| S15.770 | smooth | vaḻavaḻappāṉa | 'completely even/flat, so that the hand moves easiy over it' | smooth skin |
| S15.780 | sharp | kūrmaiyāṉa | -- | The knife is very sharp. |
| S15.790 | blunt | kūraṟṟa | -- | This knife is blunt and does not cut well. |
| S15.810 | heavy | palamāṉa | -- | The suitcase is too heavy for me to carry. |
| S15.820 | light(1) | ilēcāṉa | (in weight) | You can carry this bag, it's fairly light. |
| S15.830 | wet | īram | 'covered in or full of liquid' | He fell into the water, so his clothes are now wet. |
| S15.840 | dry | kāynta | 'without water or liquid inside or on the surface' | The clothes were in the sun for a long time and are now dry. |
| S15.850 | hot | cūṭāṉa | -- | It's better to do the work now because later it'll be too hot. |
| S15.851 | warm | veppamāṉa | -- | The sun is shining and there's no wind, so it's warm and you can go out without a coat. |
| S15.860 | cold | kuḷir | -- | It's cold outside, so you need warm clothes. |
| S15.870 | clean | tūymaiyāṉa | -- | I washed my hands, so now they are clean. |
| S15.880 | dirty | aḻukku | -- | My hands are dirty from the work, so I need to wash them before the meal. |
| S15.890 | wrinkled | curukkam | -- | the wrinkled face of a 90-year old man |
| S16.110 | the soul or spirit | ātmā | -- | -- |
| S16.150 | surprised or astonished | viyappaṭai | -- | -- |
| S16.180 | the good luck | vāḻttukkaḷ | -- | -- |
| S16.190 | the bad luck | kēṭṭa nēram | -- | -- |
| S16.230 | happy | cantōṣam | -- | -- |
| S16.250 | to laugh | cirittal | -- | -- |
| S16.251 | to smile | puṉṉakaittal | -- | -- |
| S16.260 | to play | viḷaiyāṭutal | -- | -- |
| S16.270 | to love | kātalittal | -- | I love you. |
| S16.290 | to kiss | mūttamiṭutal | -- | -- |
| S16.300 | to embrace | taḻuvutal | -- | -- |
| S16.310 | the pain | vali | -- | -- |
| S16.320 | the grief | tukkam | -- | -- |
| S16.330 | the anxiety | pataṭṭam | -- | -- |
| S16.340 | to regret or be sorry | varuttam | -- | I regret my mistake./I am sorrry about my mistake. |
| S16.350 | the pity | irakkam | -- | -- |
| S16.370 | to cry | aḻutal | 'to weep' | -- |
| S16.380 | the tear | kiḻi | -- | -- |
| S16.390 | to groan | mūṉakal | -- | -- |
| S16.410 | to hate | veṟuttal | -- | -- |
| S16.420 | the anger | kōpam | -- | -- |
| S16.440 | the envy or jealousy | poṟāmai | -- | -- |
| S16.450 | the shame | veṭkam | -- | -- |
| S16.480 | proud | perumaippaṭu | -- | -- |
| S16.510 | to dare | etirttu nil | -- | -- |
| S16.520 | brave | tairiyamūḷḷa | -- | -- |
| S16.530 | the fear | payam | -- | -- |
| S16.540 | the danger | āpattu | -- | -- |
| S16.620 | to want | vēṇṭutal | 'to desire' | -- |
| S16.622 | to choose | tērnteṭuttal | -- | -- |
| S16.630 | to hope | namputal | -- | -- |
| S16.650 | faithful | nampikkaikkuriya | -- | -- |
| S16.660 | true | uṇmaiyāṉa | -- | -- |
| S16.670 | to lie(2) | poy | 'tell lies' | -- |
| S16.680 | the deceit | vañcittal | -- | -- |
| S16.690 | to forgive | maṉṉittal | -- | -- |
| S16.710 | good | nallatu | -- | -- |
| S16.720 | bad | keṭṭa | -- | -- |
| S16.730 | right(2) | cari | 'correct' | -- |
| S16.740 | wrong | tavaṟāṉa | -- | -- |
| S16.760 | the fault | tavaṟu | -- | It's your fault we missed the bus! |
| S16.770 | the mistake | tappu | -- | -- |
| S16.780 | the blame | paḻi cumattu | -- | -- |
| S16.790 | the praise | pārāṭṭu | -- | -- |
| S16.810 | beautiful | aḻakiya | -- | -- |
| S16.820 | ugly | kōramāṉa | -- | -- |
| S16.830 | greedy | pērācaiyuḷḷa | -- | -- |
| S16.840 | clever | putticāli | -- | -- |
| S17.110 | the mind | uḷḷam | 'the seat of intelligence (as opposed to 'heart' or 'soul' as the seat of emotions)' | I don't know what's going on in her mind. |
| S17.130 | to think(1) | yōcittāl | 'reflect' | You should think first before speaking. |
| S17.140 | to think(2) | niṉaittal | 'be of the opinion' | I think that this is not right. |
| S17.150 | to believe | namputal | 'be sure that someone is telling the truth' | You shouldn't believe everything you read. |
| S17.160 | to understand | uṇartal | -- | I do not understand why they left us so early. |
| S17.170 | to know | aṟintiruttal | -- | They know that we are coming today. |
| S17.171 | to guess | yūkittal | -- | Guess how much money I have. |
| S17.172 | to imitate | -- | -- | |
| S17.180 | to seem | kāṇappaṭutal | -- | The house seems to be empty. |
| S17.190 | the idea | karuttu | -- | -- |
| S17.210 | wise | aṟivuḷḷa | -- | -- |
| S17.220 | stupid | muṭṭāḷtaṉamāṉa | -- | -- |
| S17.230 | mad | paittiyam | 'insane' | -- |
| S17.240 | to learn | kaṟṟukkoḷḷutal | -- | Where did you learn to cook so well? |
| S17.242 | to study | paṭittal | -- | I have to study for my test. |
| S17.250 | to teach | kaṟṟukkoṭuttal | -- | -- |
| S17.260 | the pupil | māṇavaṉ | -- | There are 10 pupils in the class, aged 6-7. |
| S17.270 | the teacher | āciriyar | -- | -- |
| S17.280 | the school | paḷḷi | -- | The children go to school every morning. |
| S17.310 | to remember | niṉaittal | -- | Do you remember the name of your first teacher? |
| S17.320 | to forget | maṟattal | -- | -- |
| S17.340 | clear | teḷinta | 'clear to the mind' (the opposite of 'obscure') | a clear explanation |
| S17.350 | obscure | puriyāta | 'obscure to the mind' | an obscure reason |
| S17.360 | secret | rakaciyam | -- | -- |
| S17.370 | certain | niccayamāka | -- | It is certain that the theft occurred during the night. |
| S17.380 | to explain | viḷakkutal | -- | -- |
| S17.410 | the intention | nōkkam | -- | It was not his intention to wake the baby up. |
| S17.420 | the cause | kāraṇam | -- | What was the cause of the accident? |
| S17.430 | the doubt | cantēkam | -- | -- |
| S17.440 | to suspect | cantēkappaṭutal | -- | The police suspected that he was a drug dealer. |
| S17.441 | to betray | nampikkaitturōkam | -- | -- |
| S17.450 | the need or necessity | vēṇṭum | -- | -- |
| S17.460 | easy | eḷitu | -- | -- |
| S17.470 | difficult | kaṣṭamāṉa | -- | -- |
| S17.480 | to try | mūyaṟcittal | 'to attempt (to do something)' | -- |
| S17.490 | the manner | vitam | 'the way in which something is done or happens' | -- |
| S17.510 | and | maṟṟum | -- | -- |
| S17.520 | because | ēṉeṉṟāl | -- | -- |
| S17.530 | if | ākil | -- | -- |
| S17.540 | or | allatu | -- | -- |
| S17.550 | yes | ām | -- | -- |
| S17.560 | no | illai | -- | -- |
| S17.610 | how? | eppaṭi | -- | -- |
| S17.620 | how many? | ettaṉai? | -- | -- |
| S17.630 | how much? | evvaḷavu | -- | -- |
| S17.640 | what? | eṉṉa | -- | What is that thing on the table? |
| S17.650 | when? | eppōtu | -- | -- |
| S17.660 | where? | eṅkē | -- | -- |
| S17.670 | which? | etu | -- | -- |
| S17.680 | who? | yār | -- | -- |
| S17.690 | why? | ēṉ | -- | -- |
| S18.110 | the voice | kural | -- | -- |
| S18.120 | to sing | pāṭutal | -- | -- |
| S18.130 | to shout | kattutal | -- | Be careful", he shouted, "a lion!"" |
| S18.150 | to whisper | kicukicuttal | -- | -- |
| S18.160 | to mumble | mūṇumūṇuttal | 'to say something too quitely and not clearly enough, so that it is difficult or impossible to hear' | The little boy mumbled something about wanting to go to the toilet. |
| S18.170 | to whistle | cīṭṭiyaṭittal | -- | -- |
| S18.180 | to shriek | vīṟiṭum captam | 'to make a very high, loud sound' | -- |
| S18.190 | to howl | ūḷaiyiṭutal | '(dog/wolf/other mammal:) to make a long, loud sound' | -- |
| S18.210 | to speak or talk | pēcutal | -- | -- |
| S18.211 | to stutter or stammer | tikkipēcutal | -- | -- |
| S18.220 | to say | colvatu | -- | She said she'd be late. |
| S18.221 | to tell | collutal | 'tell (a story)' | Our grandmother told us a story. |
| S18.222 | the speech | coṟpoḻivu | 'oration' | In his speech, the chief thanked the guests. |
| S18.230 | to be silent | nicaptamāṉa | -- | -- |
| S18.240 | the language | moḻi | -- | -- |
| S18.260 | the word | col | -- | -- |
| S18.280 | the name | peyar | -- | What's your name? |
| S18.310 | to ask(1) | kēṭpatu | 'ask a question, inquire' | Where is your mother?", he asked." |
| S18.320 | to answer | viṭaiyaḷittal | -- | I asked him where his mother was, but he didn't answer. |
| S18.330 | to admit | oppukkoḷḷal | -- | The suspect admitted he stole the car. |
| S18.340 | to deny | maṟuttal | -- | She denied she was the thief. |
| S18.350 | to ask(2) | vēṇṭutal | 'ask for something, request' | She asked for a glass of water. |
| S18.360 | to promise | uṟutimoḻi | -- | -- |
| S18.370 | to refuse | maṟuttal | -- | -- |
| S18.380 | to forbid | taṭai ceytal | -- | -- |
| S18.390 | to scold | tiṭṭutal | 'to rebuke' | -- |
| S18.410 | to call(1) | varavaḻaittal | 'to summon' | The king called his ministers for a meeting. |
| S18.420 | to call(2) | aḻaittal | 'to give a name' | The parents decided to call their son David. |
| S18.430 | to announce | terivittal | -- | -- |
| S18.440 | to threaten | miraṭṭutal | -- | -- |
| S18.450 | to boast | taṟpukaḻkci | -- | -- |
| S18.510 | to write | eḻututal | -- | -- |
| S18.520 | to read | paṭittal | -- | -- |
| S18.560 | the paper | kākitam | -- | She took a piece of paper and wrote down her name. |
| S18.570 | the pen | pōṉā | -- | You must use a pen, not a pencil. |
| S18.610 | the book | puttakam | -- | -- |
| S18.670 | the poet | kaviñaṉ | -- | -- |
| S18.710 | the flute | pullāṅkuḻal | -- | He plays the flute and she plays the violin. |
| S18.720 | the drum | mattaḷam | -- | Don't beat the drum so hard, it's too loud. |
| S18.730 | the horn or trumpet | tārai | -- | -- |
| S18.740 | the rattle | kilukiluppai | 'a wooden instrument that makes a loud knocking noise [used by people watching football games]' | -- |
| S19.110 | the country | nāṭu | -- | He has traveled to Japan, China, India, and many other countries. |
| S19.120 | the native country | taynāṭu | -- | After the civil war ended, the refugees were able to return to their native country. |
| S19.150 | the town | paṭṭaṇam | 'an urban settlement' | Farmers come into town to sell their produce. |
| S19.160 | the village | kirāmam | 'a rural settlement' | The farmers' fields are near their village. |
| S19.170 | the boundary | ellai | -- | The province boundary is also the border between the two countries. |
| S19.210 | the people | makkaḷ | 'the populace, the inhabitants of a country (as opposed to the ruling class)' | The president is unpopular, but the people adore his daughter. |
| S19.230 | the clan | kulam | 'extended family' | The entire clan lives in one large house. |
| S19.240 | the chieftain | ātivācitalaivaṉ | 'leader/ruler of a tribe/clan' | -- |
| S19.250 | the walking stick | ūṉṟukōl | -- | -- |
| S19.310 | to rule or govern | āṭciceytal | -- | The president ruled the country for 25 years. |
| S19.320 | the king | rājā | -- | King David |
| S19.330 | the queen | rāṇi | 'female monarch', not 'king's wife' | Queen Elizabeth |
| S19.360 | the noble | pirapu | -- | Nobles are exempt from paying taxes. |
| S19.370 | the citizen | kuṭimakaṉ | -- | a citizen of Germany |
| S19.410 | the master | ejmāṉ | as opposed to 'slave, servant' | -- |
| S19.420 | the slave | aṭimai | -- | -- |
| S19.430 | the servant | vēlaiyāḷ | -- | -- |
| S19.440 | the freeman | cutantiramaṉitar | -- | His mother was a slave, but his father was a freeman. |
| S19.450 | to command or order | āṇaiyiṭutal | 'tell someone to do something, using one's authority or power' | The officer commanded them to line up against the wall. |
| S19.460 | to obey | kīḻppaṭittal | -- | Soldiers are expected to obey their superiors. |
| S19.470 | to permit | aṉumatittal | -- | I am afraid I cannot permit my daughter to marry you. |
| S19.510 | the friend | naṇpar | -- | -- |
| S19.520 | the enemy | etiri | -- | -- |
| S19.540 | the neighbour | aṇṭaiyar | -- | It's hard to sleep because the neighbors are noisy. |
| S19.550 | the stranger | anniyar | 'someone whom one does not know' | She's not afraid of strangers. |
| S19.560 | the guest | viruntāḷi | -- | -- |
| S19.570 | the host | viruntōmpi | -- | The host offered his guests some wine. |
| S19.580 | to help | utavutal | -- | -- |
| S19.590 | to prevent | taṭuttal | -- | The police prevented the demonstrators from entering the building. |
| S19.610 | the custom | vaḻakkam | -- | -- |
| S19.620 | the quarrel | caccaravu | -- | We have a quarrel with the neighbors over their noise. |
| S19.630 | the plot | cūḻcci | 'conspiracy' | There was a plot to kill the queen. |
| S19.650 | to meet | cantittal | -- | We agreed to meet in front of the theatre. |
| S19.720 | the prostitute | vipaccāri | -- | -- |
| S20.110 | to fight | caṇṭai | -- | The two tribes have been fighting for weeks. |
| S20.130 | the war or battle | yuttam | -- | -- |
| S20.140 | the peace | amaiti | -- | -- |
| S20.150 | the army | rāṇuvam | 'military forces' | The Roman army conquered Jerusalem. |
| S20.170 | the soldier | paṭaivīrar | -- | -- |
| S20.210 | the weapons | āyutaṅkaḷ | -- | -- |
| S20.220 | the club | kuṇṭāntaṭi | 'large stick used as weapon' | -- |
| S20.222 | the battle-axe | pōrkkōṭāri | -- | -- |
| S20.230 | the sling | -- | -- | |
| S20.240 | the bow | vil | 'used to shoot arrows' | -- |
| S20.250 | the arrow | ampu | 'used as a weapon' | -- |
| S20.260 | the spear | īṭṭi | -- | -- |
| S20.270 | the sword | vāḷ | 'metal weapon with a handle, blade , and sheath' | -- |
| S20.280 | the gun | tuppākki | 'rifle' | She shot the thief with a gun. |
| S20.310 | the armour | kāppuc cātaṉam | 'metal or leather clothing worn by soldiers in former times to protect their body' | The knight wore a shining armor. |
| S20.330 | the helmet | talaikkavacam | -- | Put on your helmet when you ride a motorcycle. |
| S20.340 | the shield | kavacam | -- | He held up his shield to protect his head from the attack. |
| S20.350 | the fortress | kōṭṭai | -- | -- |
| S20.360 | the tower | kōpuram | -- | From the tower you can see the entire town. |
| S20.410 | the victory | veṟṟi | -- | -- |
| S20.420 | the defeat | tōlvi | -- | -- |
| S20.430 | the attack | tākkutal | -- | -- |
| S20.440 | to defend | taṟkāttal | -- | He defended himself but the robber took his wallet. |
| S20.450 | to retreat | piṉvāṅkutal | -- | -- |
| S20.460 | to surrender | caraṇ | -- | -- |
| S20.470 | the captive or prisoner | kaiti | -- | -- |
| S20.471 | the guard | meykkāppāḷar | -- | I wanted to go in but the guard wouldn't let me. |
| S20.480 | the booty | -- | -- | |
| S20.490 | the ambush | pāyap patuṅkutal | -- | -- |
| S20.510 | the fisherman | mīṉavar | -- | -- |
| S20.520 | the fishhook | tūṇṭil mūḷ | -- | -- |
| S20.530 | the fishing line | taṅkūci | -- | -- |
| S20.540 | the fishnet | mīṉvalai | -- | -- |
| S20.550 | the fish trap | -- | -- | |
| S20.560 | the bait | irai | -- | Worms are used as bait. |
| S20.610 | to hunt | vēṭṭaiyāṭutal | -- | -- |
| S20.620 | to shoot | cuṭutal | -- | She shot the intruder with her gun. |
| S20.630 | to miss | tavaṟutal | 'miss a target' | He shot at the bird but missed it. |
| S20.640 | the trap | poṟi | -- | The hunter lay a trap for the bear. |
| S20.650 | to trap | cikkavaittal | -- | The hunter trapped a fox. |
| S21.110 | the law | caṭṭam | 'a rule that people in a particular country (or administrative area) must obey' | There ought to be a law against cutting down trees. |
| S21.150 | the court | nītimaṉṟam | '(the judge and/or the jury in a) place where all the information concerning a crime is given so that it can be judged' | -- |
| S21.160 | to adjudicate | tīrmāṉittal | 'decide whether someone is guilty of a crime in court' | -- |
| S21.170 | the judgment | tīrppu | 'official decision given by a judge or a court of law' | -- |
| S21.180 | the judge | nītipati | -- | -- |
| S21.210 | the plaintiff | vāti | -- | -- |
| S21.220 | the defendant | pirativāti | -- | -- |
| S21.230 | the witness | cāṭci | -- | -- |
| S21.240 | to swear | cattiyañceytal | 'make a public official promise, especially in a court of law' | I swear to tell the truth. |
| S21.250 | the oath | uṟutimoḻi | 'act of swearing' | -- |
| S21.310 | to accuse | kuṟṟañcāṭṭutal | -- | She accused him of stealing her purse. |
| S21.320 | to condemn | kaṇṭittal | to find guilty or to sentence | The judge condemned the defendant and sentenced him to two years in prison. |
| S21.330 | to convict | 'to find guilty' | He was convicted and sentenced to life in prison. | |
| S21.340 | to acquit | viṭuvikkappaṭutal | -- | The defendant was acquitted of all charges. |
| S21.350 | guilty | kuṟṟamūḷḷa | -- | The judge found the defendant guilty. |
| S21.360 | innocent | appāvi | -- | He was punished even though he was innocent. |
| S21.370 | the penalty or punishment | taṇṭaṉai | -- | -- |
| S21.380 | the fine | aparātam | -- | I had to pay a fine of $100 for speeding. |
| S21.390 | the prison | ciṟai | -- | -- |
| S21.420 | the murder | kolai | 'the crime of deliberately killing someone' | Murder is punished very severely. |
| S21.430 | the adultery | kūṭā oḻukkam | -- | -- |
| S21.440 | the rape | kaṟpaḻittal | -- | -- |
| S21.460 | the arson | tīvaippu | 'deliberately setting fire to something to cause damage' | -- |
| S21.470 | the perjury | poyccāṭciyam | -- | -- |
| S21.510 | to steal | tiruṭutal | -- | -- |
| S21.520 | the thief | tiruṭaṉ | -- | -- |
| S22.110 | the religion | matam | -- | -- |
| S22.120 | the god | iṟaivaṉ | -- | -- |
| S22.130 | the temple | kōyil | 'general term for house of worship' | -- |
| S22.140 | the altar | pūjai māṭam | 'a raised place on which religious rites are performed' | -- |
| S22.150 | the sacrifice | tiyākam | 'ritual killing of an animal' | -- |
| S22.160 | to worship | vaḻipaṭutal | 'to perform a rite in honor of a deity' | -- |
| S22.170 | to pray | pirāttaṉai | 'to ask a deity for something' | The farmers prayed for rain. |
| S22.180 | the priest | matakuru | 'clergy of any religion' | -- |
| S22.190 | holy | paricuttamāṉa | -- | -- |
| S22.220 | to preach | upatēci | -- | -- |
| S22.230 | to bless | ācirvati | -- | -- |
| S22.240 | to curse | cāpamiṭutal | -- | -- |
| S22.260 | to fast | viratam | 'to refrain from eating' | -- |
| S22.310 | the heaven | cuvarkkam | 'the abode of deities' | -- |
| S22.320 | the hell | narakam | -- | -- |
| S22.350 | the demon | arakkaṉ | 'evil spirit' | -- |
| S22.370 | the idol | vikkirakam | 'statue of a deity' | -- |
| S22.420 | the magic | māyājālam | -- | -- |
| S22.430 | the sorcerer or witch | cūṉiyakkāri | -- | -- |
| S22.440 | the fairy or elf | tēvatai | -- | -- |
| S22.450 | the ghost | pēy | -- | -- |
| S22.470 | the omen | cakuṉam | -- | -- |